Getting Started with Linux-the first week of study notes

Getting Started with Linux-the first week of learning notes

First, installation system attention to problems

1. Disk Partitioning:

For example, allocate 200G memory size to the system:

(1) to/boot 200M size, because/boot only store kernel-related boot files. You do not need to give too large a partition.

(2) give/50G size, the root user to store a lot of files.

(3) Give/testdir 50G size, this is the file we used to do the experiment.

(4) to swap 4G size, because swap is the swap partition, its size is recommended 1.5 times times the memory ~2.0 times

Note : The CentOS6.8 file system is EXT4, and the CentOS7.2 file system is XFS.

2. Network Connection Mode analysis

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(1) bridge mode :

In this mode, the VMware virtual operating system is like a separate host in the LAN, which can access any machine in the network. In bridging mode, you need to manually configure the virtual system with an IP address, subnet mask, and a host machine in the same network segment so that the virtual system can communicate with the host machine. Also, configure the gateway and DNS addresses to enable access to the Internet through a LAN gateway or router.

Experiment : I did not manually configure the IP address in the operation, using automatic acquisition. I do three aspects of work, the virtual system to obtain the IP address, the virtual system within the connection Baidu, the local computer using Xshell to connect to the virtual system. Have all succeeded. It is possible to obtain an IP address automatically, but if there are many classrooms, if someone else configures a fixed IP address with the IP you acquired automatically, your IP address will be invalidated, so it is best to configure it automatically.

(2) NAT mode:

Using NAT mode, the virtual system uses the NAT (network address translation) function to access the public network through the network where the host machine resides. In other words, the use of NAT mode enables access to the Internet in virtual systems. The TCP/IP configuration information for a virtual system in NAT mode is provided by the DHCP server of the VMNET8 (NAT) virtual network and cannot be modified manually, so the virtual system cannot communicate with other real hosts on the local area network. The biggest advantage of using NAT mode is that the virtual system access to the Internet is very simple, only the host machine can access the Internet, you do not need to configure the IP address, subnet mask, gateway, but the DNS address should be filled according to the actual situation. Add a DNS address in addition to the network card properties, you can also add it by tapping the Edit button in the Nat tab in the Virtual network editor in the virtual machine.

(3) host mode only:

In some special network debugging environments, it is required to isolate the real environment from the virtual environment, then you can use the host-only mode. In host-only mode, all virtual systems can communicate with each other, but the virtual system and the real network are separated.

Note : In host-only mode, the virtual system and the host machine system can communicate with each other, which is equivalent to the two machines connected by twisted pair wires.

In host-only mode, the TCP/IP configuration information (such as IP address, gateway address, DNS server, etc.) of the virtual system is dynamically allocated by the DHCP server of the VMNET1 (host-only) virtual network.

If you want to use VMware to create a virtual system that is isolated from other machines in the network, you can choose Host-only mode for some special network debugging work.

Second, the installation of tools

1. Installation of the Vmmare Tools tool

(1) Function: Realize the copying and sharing of files in WinDOS system and Linux system.

(2) Installation: Installation for centos6.8

First step: Click the Vmmare Tools option in the Virtual tab drop-down menu. Such as.

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At this point the input DF, find the mount relationship, such as, we downloaded a good tool has been mounted on the CD, the next can be installed.

Second step: Use the command line to enter into the file, with the command to install. The specific commands are as follows:

Df

Cd/media/vmware\ tools/

Ls

CP vmwaretools-10.0.0-2977863.tar.gz/testdir/

cd/testdir/

Ls

Tar xvf vmwaretools-10.0.0-2977863.tar.gz

Ls

CD vmware-tools-distrib/

Ls

/testdir/vmware-tools-distrib/vmware-install.pl D

Step three: Complete the operation by restarting--reboot or entering Int3 and int5 successively.

The ps:centos7.2 comes with this feature without installation.

2. Screen installation

Screen installation: For Centos6.8 users, double-click the desktop disc icon, go to Centos_6.8_final/packages, find the following installation package. Double-click to install.

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For Centos7.2 users, we encountered some unknown situation when installing using the above graphical interface, which caused the installation to be unable to install properly, so we installed it with the command line when we installed it under Centos7.2.

The command line operates as follows:

DF-------Confirm Path

Rpm-i/run/media/root/centos\ 7\ x86_64/packages/screen-4.1.0-0.21.20120314git3c2964.e17.x86_64.rpm

Third, practical tips

1, login system no need to enter the password

First, go to the command line and type: gedit/etc/gdm/custom.conf

This opens the graphical interface as follows:

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The second step, find [daemon], below it type, and then save, the next time you start you can enter the system without entering a password. (It is also important to note that this feature is available only to the root user.) Therefore, when the current user is a normal user, you must use root permissions to modify. ）

Automaticloginenable=true

Automaticlogin=root

2. Use screen skillfully

Scenario One: When you have a problem at work, ask the technical danale to help with the command.

1, a in the work encountered difficulties, want to seek help, then he can enter in their own interface: Screen-s Ahelp

2, at this time its colleague B in their own interface input Screen-ls can see A's help information. Such as:

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At this point B colleague if can provide help, then B colleague Type command: Screen-x ahelp. Then A and B can work with the same screen: a colleague-typed command, B can see. B-typed commands, a also see.

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B Colleague's interface

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A colleague's interface

3. Exit the Help screen and enter exit.

Scenario Two: Remote backup work in the event of network instability

First, enter the screen command

Second, do the backup work

Again, after the network outage, check the backup situation, enter SCREEN-LS

Find the randomly assigned name. Then enter the Screen-x randomly assigned name. Tap Enter to see the previous work program.

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Scenario Three: Backup work is currently in progress but you want to handle other work at the same time

At this point, hold down CTRL and a, and then press the D key

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After completing the other work, I want to restore the previous interface to enter SCREEN-R

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Getting Started with Linux-the first week of study notes