Ubuntu grants sudo chmod 600 ××× (only the owner has read and write permissions) sudo chmod 644 ××× (the owner has read and write permissions, group users only have read permission) sudo chmod 700 ××× (only the owner has read, write, and execute permissions) sudo chmod 666 ××× (everyone has the permission to read and write) sudo chmod 777 ××× (everyone has the permission to read, write, and execute) ××× indicates the file name (or folder name, but-ld must be added after chmod ). To explain, the form of the entire command is sudo chmod-(representing the type) ××× (owner) ××× (group user) ××× (other users) each digit of the three-digit number represents a user-type permission setting. The value ranges from 0 ~ 7, that is, the binary [000] ~ [111]. Each digit of the three binary numbers represents the read, write, and execution permissions respectively. For example, "000" indicates that no three permissions are available, and "100" indicates read-only. In this way, we have the following correspondence: 0 [000] No permissions 4 [100] Read-Only permissions 6 [110] Read and Write Permissions 7 [111] Read and Write execution permissions now let's look at the common usage above. Try to modify the permission by yourself. At last, attach the command ls-l file name for the query file (or folder) Permission (Change-l to-ld for the folder ).