Implementation of 100GE interface: from LAN to metropolitan area network

Over the past more than 30 years, Ethernet technology has undergone continuous improvement, and has been widely used in broadband access, metropolitan area Network convergence and core layer. From 10M to 100G, from LAN to metropolitan area network, through the continuous improvement of their own shortcomings, Ethernet technology has become the most widely used network technology.

And since its realization, it has the advantage of cost advantages, simple technology and flexibility of deployment invincible. Over the past more than 30 years, Ethernet technology has undergone continuous improvement, and has been widely used in broadband access, metropolitan area Network convergence and core layer. From 10M to 100G, from LAN to metropolitan area network, through the continuous improvement of their own shortcomings, Ethernet technology has become the most widely used network technology. On June 17, 2010, IEEE formally approved the IEEE802.3BA standard, which marked the beginning of the commercial Road of 40g/100g Ethernet, and sounded the Horn of a new round of Ethernet.

I. Business demand-driven technology development

From the business requirements, the main requirements of 100G mainly from the backbone of the metropolitan area Network and data center business.

With the continuous development of the broadband market, the number of users is increasing rapidly. At the same time, the bandwidth of personal broadband access is also increasing, each user 20Mbps, 50Mbps, or even 100Mbps of bandwidth, has become the domestic network development goals in the next few years. In recent years, wireless hotspot, hot zone and subsequent wireless City strategic deployment, but also to promote data flow in the increasing, especially peer-to-peer, IPTV and other video content of large throughput data has become the main component of the current broadband business, these are the network of high bandwidth requirements. The increase of the bandwidth of the access layer will inevitably lead to the increase of the bandwidth demand of the metropolitan Area Network convergence layer and core layer, and the future access convergence layer to 10GE, and the actual demand of upgrading to 100G in the core backbone layer.

In the data center, due to the wide application of cloud computing and virtualization, the data Center architecture faces profound changes, and the network replaces computing as the protagonist. High bandwidth network becomes the basic requirement of data center construction. In particular, high bandwidth applications such as video-on-demand, 10G FCoE, and high-performance computing require Gigabit Ethernet interfaces, and as data center servers and access devices become ubiquitous, data center network convergence and core layer devices need to be more and more powerful for 100G Ethernet.

This shows that both the internal bandwidth requirements of the metropolitan Area Network, export bandwidth requirements, or the bandwidth requirements of the data center are growing in geometric numbers. Enterprises and operators need to expand their networks to cope with the growth of traffic, network bandwidth upgrades to increase the demand for high-bandwidth network equipment is also growing, 100G Ethernet is imperative.

Second, the birth of 100G Ethernet standards

As early as the second half of 2006, IEEE established HSSG (Higherspeedstudygroup), the goal is to study the development of the next generation of high-speed Ethernet 100G standards, the development of 100G Ethernet media access Control (MAC), Physical coding sub-layer (PCS), Technical specification for physical media attached to the sub-layer/physical media layer (PMA/PMD). However, due to the 40G Ethernet standards, the next generation of Ethernet standards are divided, the server to switch applications more interested in the members of the 40Gbps, they believe that such an improvement is a necessary, simple and economic upgrade, and has a broad market prospects, The members who focus on the network convergence and backbone network support 100Gbps. The differences and controversies between the two sides persisted, and eventually HSSG decided to set a single standard with two speeds.

At the same time as the IEEE 40g/100g Ethernet standard is published, several optical communication standards organizations are actively developing relevant specifications, covering 40g/100g devices, optical modules, OTN overhead processing, system equipment and other fields. Specifically, the IEEE mainly developed the client side of the network interface and Ethernet-related mapping standards for the 40g/100g client side interface to provide a specification; The ITU-T is the main provider of network-related standards.

In 2010, the organization made a revision of the g.709 standard, further standardizing the Otn interface standard, and defining the load and mapping of 40g/100g Ethernet; OIF is responsible for the development of 40g/100g wave-side optical module electrical and mechanical interface, software management interface, The protocol specification of integrated transmitter and receiver components and forward error correction technology has strongly promoted the design standardization of the wave-side interface.

The birth of the 40/100g Ethernet standard solves the demand for broadband applications in data centers, operator networks and other traffic-intensive high-performance computing environments, and will also drive the spread of Gigabit Ethernet, which can provide more million-gigabit links.

Three, 100G type of Ethernet

In 802.3ba, the following types are defined for 100GE:

100gbase-cr10

100gbase-cr10 is the 100gb/s signal in the copper cable application of the specification, the 10x10g (based on 10GBASE-KR) of the parallel mode, transmission distance of 7m. It is mainly used in the interconnection between rack/cabinet or rack/cabinet.

100gbase-sr10

100GBASE-SR10 is a specification for 100GB/S signals to be applied on multimode fibers, and is transmitted on OM3 multimode fibers using 850nm wavelength. The transmission distance is 100m. It is mainly used to interconnect between offices, data center servers and switches, and between switches and switches.

100GBASE-LR4 and 100gbase-er4

These two interfaces are the specification of the 100GB/S signal used in single-mode fiber, and the wavelength division multiplexing technology is used, and the transmission distance is 10KM and 40KM respectively. Mainly used in Internet Exchange, Campus network, metropolitan area Network and backbone network.

In the 100GE physical layer specification, the 100GBIT/S Ethernet should meet the conditions shown in table 1:

Table 1.100GE Physical Layer Interface

Both the CFP and CXP packages support hot-swappable, where the CFP is mainly for 40G and 100G Ethernet applications while supporting Single-mode or multimode fiber, while CXP is mainly targeted at clusters and high-speed computing markets. At present, CXP has not yet formed the final standard, CFP draft has been drafted and is under discussion.

Figure 1 provides 12 launch (TX) and 12 receive (RX) channels for CXP modules and optical fibers

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the CFP module

Back to the column page: http://www.bianceng.cnhttp://www.bianceng.cn/Network/zwjs/