Introduction to IPv6 network-related content

IPv6 network, a new force for expanding network space. It was born and used to increase the network capacity. Now we will illustrate the advantages of several IPv6 networks and discuss some problems about dual-Protocol overuse, in addition, I would like to briefly talk about the current IPv6 network application issues.

◆ IPv6 address space

The most obvious feature of IPv6 is that it uses a larger address. IPv6 uses a 128-bit address and IPv4 uses a 32-bit address. The 32-bit address space allows 4,294,967,296 possible addresses. The 128-bit address space can be 340,282,366,920,938,463,463,374,607,431,768,211,456 3.4 × 1038.

It is worth noting that the IPv6 address length of 128 bits does not mean that the Earth can have 6.5X1023 addresses per square meter. More specifically, IPv6 addresses are designed to be larger in size to further segment into hierarchical routing domains that reflect the modern Internet topology. Using a 128-bit address space, you can design Hierarchical Addressing and routing to provide multiple levels of hierarchy and flexibility. This is precisely what IPv4-based Internet lacks.

◆ Built-in security

IPv6 supports IPSec, which provides a standard-based solution for network security and improves the interoperability between different IPv6 network implementation solutions. IPSec consists of two different types of extension headers and a protocol for processing security settings. Authentication Header AH) provides data integrity, data verification, and replay protection for all IPv6 data packets except for fields that must be changed during transmission. The header and tail of the security packet ESP also provide data integrity, data verification, data confidentiality, and replay protection for the ESP encapsulation packets. In unicast communication, the protocol used to handle IPSec security settings is usually Internet Key Exchange Protocol IKE ).

◆ Transition from iPv4 to IPv6

1) Dual-protocol stack Technology

The dual-protocol stack technology is a node with both an IPv4 stack and an IPv6 stack. The Node running the dual-protocol stack is an IPv6 or IPv4 node.

When a node communicates with an IPv6 node, it is like a pure IPv6 node. When it communicates with an IPv4 node or an IPv6 node compatible with IPv4, it is like a pure IPv4 node.

2) Tunneling Technology
 
With the development of IPv6 networks, many local IPv6 networks will appear, but these IPv6 networks need to be connected through the IPv4 backbone network. Tunnel technology is required to connect these isolated IPv6 local networks. Tunnel technology is to use IPv4 packets to encapsulate IPv6 packets so that IPv6 packets can pass through IPv4 networks.

◆ Specific application of IPv6 in the Ministry of Land and Resources

The IPv6 network leased line of the Chinese Emy of Sciences has been connected to the IDC of the Information Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, and a router Supporting IPv6 has been installed.

In the next step, you need to plan the network according to the corresponding IP address and develop different network applications, such as websites and DNS services. Perform network management and security management on the basis of rich applications.

The development of IPv6 technology has been relatively mature, but due to the continuous improvement of IPv4 and the application of NAT technology, IPv4 address shortage and poor security problems have been mitigated. In addition, IPv6 has been widely used in the United States, and it is believed that its practical application in China will be further increased.