JS Advanced (three)--prototype chain, closure, scope, function of four ways to call

First, the prototype chain (family genealogy)

• Concept: JS inside the object may have a parent object, the parent object will also have a parent object, ... Ancestors

• Root: Inherit

Property: There is almost always a __proto__ property in the object that points to the meaning of his parent object: You can implement the object to access the related property in the parent object

• Root object: Object.prototype

var arr=[1,3,5]arr.__proto__:array.prototypearr.__proto__.__proto__ is finding the root object

function Animal () {}var cat=new Animal ();//cat.__proto__:animal.prototype//cat.__proto__.__proto__: Root Object

• Wrong understanding: In JS, everything inherits from object? --In JS, everything inherits from Object.prototype

Ii. scope (i), variable scope

• The concept of variable scope: a range that a variable can use
• JS First has an outermost scope: called the global scope
• JS can also be created by the function of a separate scope, where functions can be nested, so scopes can also be nested

var age=18; Age is a variable declared in the global scope: global variable function f1 () {    console.log (name);//can access to the name variable    var name= "Zhou Dong"//name is a variable declared inside the F1 function, So the scope of the name variable is    console.log (name) inside the F1 function;//can access the name variable    console.log (age);//age is declared in the global scope, so age can also access} Console.log (age); You can also access

-->1-level scope var gender= "male"; function fn () {    console.log (age);    Because age is a//age:undefined declared within the FN scope    : Since there is a value that can access    console.log (height),//height is not declared inside the scope, so it cannot be accessed    //-- >2-level scope    return function () {        //-->3-level scope        var height=180;    }    var age=5;} Note: the Declaration and assignment of a variable is the function fn () {Console.log (age) at two different times    ;   Undeinfed    var age=18;    Console.log (age);   18}//fn function execution, first find all the variables inside the function, function declarations, put them in scope, give the variable an initial value: undefined-    -variable can access/execute code, in the process of executing code, if there is an assignment statement, Assign a variable to the function fn () {    var age;        Initial value: Undefined    console.log (age);   undeinfed    age=18;     Modified the value of the variable    console.log (age);   18}

(ii), scope chain

• Because the scope is relative to the variable, and if there is a multilevel scope, where does this variable come from? This is a question that needs to be explored, and we call this variable's scope chain the process of finding a variable.
• Meaning of the scope chain: Find variables (determine where the variable comes from and whether the variable can be accessed)
• In a nutshell, a scope chain can be summed up in a few words: (or: Determine which scope a variable comes from)

1. View the current scope and determine the result if the current scope declares the variable
2. Find the ancestor scope of the current scope, which is the parent function of the current function, and see if there is any declaration in the parent function
3. Then find the ancestor function of the parent function until the global scope
4. If there is no global scope, we assume that the variable is undeclared (XXX is not defined)

function fn (callback) {    var age=18;    Callback ()}FN (function () {    console.log (age);    Analysis: Age Variable:    //1, find current scope: no    //2, find top-level scope: global scope    //--> difficulty: Look at the first-level scope, not see where the function is called, but see where the function is written    //-- > Because of this particular, we usually say the scope is: lexical scope})

Example 1:

    var name= "Zhang San";    Function F1 () {        var name= "abc";        Console.log (name);  ABC    }    F1 ();

Example 2:

    var name= "Zhang San";    Function F1 () {        console.log (name);  Underfind        var name= "abc";    }    F1 ();

Example 3:

    var name= "Zhang San";    Function F1 () {        return function () {            console.log (name);//underfind        }        var name= "abc";    }    var fn=f1 ();    FN ();

Example 4:

    var name= "Zhang San";    Function F1 () {        return {            say:function () {                console.log (name);  Underfind                var name= "abc";    }} var fn=f1 ();    Fn.say ()

JS Advanced (three)--prototype chain, closure, scope, function of four ways to call