Linux Application Basics

File Location:

???? System commands:/bin and sbin directories, or shell internal directives;

???? Applications:/usr/bin and/usr/sbin directories.

???????? /usr/bin: Ordinary execution procedure file;

???????? /usr/sbin: Server execution program or hypervisor.

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Common packages:

???? RPM: extension. RMP software package;

???? Deb: extension. deb software package;

???? Source code package: typically packaged as a. tar.gz or. tar.bz2 format.

???? Packages with installers: such as Install.sh,setup, or a single executable file in. bin format;

???? Green Install-Free Package: The compressed package already has the compiled execution program file, decompression can be used;

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RPM Package:

???? Proposed by Red Hat, the program used by many Linux distributions;

???? Package format:

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To query the installed RPM software information:

???? rpm–q[Sub-option] [software name]

Example: Rpm–qa: View all installed software information of the system;

???? RPM–QC httpd: View the httpd software configuration file;

???? RPM–QL httpd: View the list of directories and files installed by the HTTPD software;

???? Rpm–q httpd: See if httpd is installed.

???? rpm–qf file or directory name: see which rpm software a file or directory belongs to.

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If you query for RPM package information that is not installed, use the: rpm–qp[sub-option] Package full name.

Cases:???? RPM–QPI ethool-3.5-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Query the directories and files that the package will install.

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Install or upgrade RPM software: RPM [Options] RPM package file

???? Options:

???? -I: Install new software, add VH display progress bar;

???? -U: Upgrade the software, installation is not installed;

???? -F: Upgrade the software, not installed then give up;

Uninstalling RPM Software: rpm–e software

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In fact, installing the RPM package is not easy because the package has dependencies.

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RPM Database:

???? Records information about installing, uninstalling, and upgrading applications in Linux systems;

???? RPM Package Management system automatically complete maintenance, generally do not require user intervention

???? Storage location:/var/lib/rpm

???? File name: __db.001, __db.002 ...

Rebuild the RPM database:

???? Rpm–rebuilddb

???? Delete the original database file before rebuilding: rm–rf/var/lib/rpm/--db.*

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RPM Package Public key: Used to verify package integrity.

???? To see if there is a public key: Rpm–qa Gpg-pubkey

???? Import Public key: Rpm–import/media/rpm-gpg-key-redhat-release

???? View Public key information: Rpm–qi Public Key Name

???? Verifying Package Integrity:

???????? rpm–k/media/packages/httpd-2.2.15-29.e16_4.x86_64.rpm

???????? If you want to display more detailed verification information, you can use-VVK.

???? Uninstalling the Public key:

???????? Rpm–e Public Key Name

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YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) Overview:

???? Software update mechanism based on RPM package to automatically resolve software dependencies.

???? All packages are provided by a centralized Yum software repository.

???? How to provide the Software warehouse:

???????? FTP Service: ftp://....

???????? HTTP service://....

???????? Local directory: fiel:///....

???? RPM Package Source:

???????? Red Hat Publishing; third-party organization; user-defined.

???????? Epel Software Source: A software warehouse project maintained by the Fedora team that provides packages that they do not provide by default.

???? To install the Epel software Source:

???? To see if the Epel source is added:

???????? Yum Repolist

???? Yum Warehouse Location:/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

???? Yum configuration file:

???????? Basic settings:/etc/yum.conf

Warehouse Settings:/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo

Log file:/var/log/yum.log

???? Query Package Command:

???????? Yum list [software name]: The software name can be omitted to view all packages;

???????? Yum info [software name]: View information for a package;

???????? Yum Search < keywords;: searching for a package;

???????? Yum provides < keywords: search for which package a file belongs to (this command is very common).

???? Query Package groups: Packages are used to group software for easy installation and management.

???????? Yum Grouplist [Package group name]: query all packages.

???????? Yum GroupInfo < package group name;: Query information for a package.

???? Install the Software:

???????? Yum install [software name]

???????? Yum Groupinstall < package group name >

???? Upgrade Software:

???????? Yum Update

???????? Yum Groupupdate

???? Unloading:

???????? Yum Remove < software name >

???????? Yum Groupremove < package group name >

???????? Yum Grouperase < package group name >

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Linux Application Basics