LINUX Automatic Installation

LINUX Automatic Installation

LINUX Automatic Installation

Server (192.168.1.107)

1. Disable iptables and selinux

Service iptables stop

# Chkconfig iptables off

Setenforce 0

Or vi/etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX = can take one of these three values:

# Enforcing-SELinux security policy is enforced.

# Permissive-SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# Disabled-SELinux is fully disabled.

# SELINUX = enforcing comment out

SELINUX = disabled

# SELINUXTYPE = type of policy in use. Possible values are:

# Targeted-Only targeted network daemons are protected.

# Strict-Full SELinux protection.

2. Configure the YUM Source

Cp/etc/yum. repos. d/rhel-debuginfo.repo/etc/yum. repos. d/yum. repo

Vi/etc/yum. repos. d/yum. repo

[Base]

Name = Red Hat Enterprise Linux

Baseurl = file: // media/Server

Enabled = 1

Gpgcheck = 0

Gpgkey = file: // etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

3. Install dhcp tftp vsftp syslinux SYSTEM-CONFIG-KICKSTART

Mount/dev/cdrom/media/

Yum install-y vsftpd *

Yum install-y dhcp *

Yum install-y system-config-kickstart

Yum install-y tftp *

Yum install-y syslinux *

4. Configure DHCP

Vi/etc/dhcpd. conf

#

# DHCP Server Configuration file.

# See/usr/share/doc/dhcp */dhcpd. conf. sample

#

-- In the beginning, this configuration file only contains the preceding rows. Enter the colon as prompted:

: R/usr/share/doc/dhcp */dhcpd. conf. sample Press enter and the following will be available:

Ddns-update-style interim;

Ignore client-updates;

# Allow boot from network use PXE

Allow booting;

Allow bootp;

Subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

Gateway and subnet mask

# --- Default gateway

Option routers 192.168.1.1; set the default gateway for the client

Option subnet-mask subnet mask 255.0; set the subnet mask for the client

# Option nis-domain "domain.org"; configure the NIS domain for the client

# Option domain-name "domain.org"; specify the DNS name for the client

# Option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1; specify the DNS server IP address for the client

Option time-offset-18000; # Eastern Standard Time is the offset time between the client and Greenwich Mean Time, in seconds.

# Option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;

# Option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

# --- Selects point-to-point node (default is hybrid). Don't change this unless

# -- You understand Netbios very well

# Option netbios-node-type 2;

Range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.128 192.168.1.254; ip address range provided by the client

Default-lease-time 21600;

Max-lease-time 43200;

# Next-server is the tftp server.

# Filename is boot image file under tftp root

Next-server 192.168.1.107; find the boot file from this host

Filename "pxelinux.0 ";

# We want the nameserver to appear at a fixed address

Host ns {

Next-server marvin.redhat.com;

Hardware ethernet 12: 34: 56: 78: AB: CD;

Fixed-address 207.175.42.254;

}

}

5. Configure TFTP

Vi/etc/xinetd. d/tftp

# Default: off

# Description: The tftp server serves files using the trivial file transfer \

# Protocol. The tftp protocol is often used to boot diskless \

# Workstations, download configuration files to network-aware printers ,\

# And to start the installation process for some operating systems.

Service tftp

{

Disable = no

Socket_type = dgram

Protocol = udp

Wait = yes

User = root

Server =/usr/sbin/in. tftpd

Server_args =-u nobody-s/tftpboot

Per_source = 11

CPIs = 100 2

Flags = IPv4

}

6. Start dhcp tftp

Service dhcpd start

Service xinetd start

Chkconfig dhcpd on

Chkconfig xinetd on

The/tftpboot directory should be available in the root directory after startup. If not, create your own partition (partition _ boot) partition.

7. Configure PXE

Cp/usr/lib/syslinux/pxelinux.0/tftpboot

Cp/media/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz, initrd. img}/tftpboot/

Mkdir/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg

Cp/media/isolinux. cfg/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/default

Vi/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/default

Default linux

Prompt 1

# Timeout 600

Timeout 6

Display boot. msg

F1 boot. msg

F2 options. msg

F3 general. msg

F4 param. msg

F5 rescue. msg

Label linux

Kernel vmlinuz

# Append initrd = initrd. img

Append ks = ftp: // 192.168.1.107/ks. cfg initrd = initrd. img

Change this. Note ks. cfg file location. Because ftp is configured, the folder that anonymous users log on to is/var/ftp/pub, so ks. cfg should be placed in this directory

Label text

Kernel vmlinuz

Append initrd = initrd. img text

Label ks

Kernel vmlinuz

Append ks initrd = initrd. img

Label local

Localboot 1

Label memtest86

Kernel memtest

Append-

8. Configure KICKSTART

By default, a anaconda-ks.cfg is generated under/root after the system is installed.

We can find a server and change it to another one.

Cp/root/anaconda-ks.cfg/var/ftp/pub/ks. cfg

Vi/var/ftp/pub/ks. cfg

# Kickstart file automatically generated by anaconda.

Install

# Cdrom

Url-url = ftp: // 192.168.1.107/redhat/

The ftp we use, so comment out the cdrom. Otherwise, the customer will go to the cdrom to find the installation file.

After installing the CD file, copy it to the/var/ftp/pub/redhat folder.

Key -- skip

Lang zh_CN.UTF-8

Keyboard us

Xconfig -- startxonboot

Network -- device eth0 -- bootproto dhcp

Set the root password for rootpw oracle

Firewall -- disabled

Authconfig -- enableshadow -- enablemd5

Selinux -- disabled

Timezone -- utc Asia/Shanghai

Bootloader -- location = mbr -- driveorder = sda -- append = "rhgb quiet"

# The following is the partition information you requested

# Note that any partitions you deleted are not expressed

# Here so unless you clear all partitions first, this is

# Not guaranteed to work

# Clearpart -- all -- drives = sda

Clearpart -- all-initlabel must be added in this line or you will be asked to manually confirm

-------------------------------

Configure boot below

You can also create logical volumes, provided that pv is created.

Part/boot -- fstype ext3 -- size = 100 -- ondisk = sda

Part pv.2 -- size = 0 -- grow -- ondisk = sda

Volgroup VolGroup00 -- pesize = 32768 pv.2

Logvol/-- fstype ext3 -- name = LogVol00 -- vgname = VolGroup00 -- size = 1024 -- grow

Logvol swap -- fstype swap -- name = LogVol01 -- vgname = VolGroup00 -- size = 1008 -- grow -- maxsize = 2016

Reboot automatically restarts after installation, or you need to manually click

% Packages

@ Admin-tools

@ Base

@ Chinese-support

@ Core

@ Development-libs

@ Development-tools

@ Dialup

@ Editors

@ Ftp-server

@ Gnome-desktop

@ Gnome-software-development

@ Games

@ Graphical-internet

@ Graphics

@ Java

@ Java-development

@ Kde-desktop

@ Kde-software-development

@ Legacy-software-development

@ Legacy-software-support

@ Mail-server

@ Office

@ Printing

@ Ruby

@ Sound-and-video

@ System-tools

@ Text-internet

@ X-software-development

@ Base-x

Kexec-tools

Fipscheck

Device-mapper-multipath

Sgpio

Python-dmidecode

Imake

Emacs

Libsane-hpaio

Audit

Mesa-libGLU-devel

Xorg-x11-utils

Xorg-x11-server-Xnest

Xorg-x11-server-Xvfb

We can also execute scripts to Modify host names and other information after installation.

Pass

% Post followed by script

% Post

Ntpdate-B 172.16.0.1

Hwclock -- systohc-utc

Cat>/etc/ntp. conf <END

Restrict default ignore

Restrict 127.0.0.1

Restrict 172.16.0.1

Server 172.16.0.1

Driftfile/var/lib/ntp/drift

Broadcastdelay 0.008

END

Echo "172.16.0.1">/etc/ntp/step-tickers

Chkconfig ntpd on

Useradd student

Echo "student" | passwd -- stdin student

Useradd visitor

Echo "password" | passwd -- stdin visitor

Mkdir/home/student/Desktop

$ {Httpget}-source http: // 172.16.0.1/pub/gls/ClassInteractives. desktop>/home/student/Desktop/Class \ Interactives. desktop

Chown-R student: student/home/student/Desktop

Perl-pi-e's, DAILY_UPDATE = no, DAILY_UPDATE = yes, G'/etc/updatedb. conf

I will pay a detailed explanation of kickstart Configuration:

Http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-17240700-id-2813881.html

9. Finally, copy the installation file to the ftp directory.

Cp-r/media/*/var/ftp/pub/redhat/

Then you can start the client to install

Installation principle:

1. Set the BIOS of the client to start from the network.

2. The client obtains the IP address from the DHCP server.

3. The client loads the boot image from the TFTP specified by the DHCP server.

4. Perform automatic installation Based on the configuration file on the TFTP server. If the configuration file gives too little information, it will enter the interactive installation mode. In interactive installation mode, you can select the location and access mode of the installation media on the network.

DHCP server IP address-tftp get Boot Image-find pxe configuration file in TFTP-obtain ks. cfg file in pxe configuration file-ks. cfg file get installation information and Installation File Location

After the client obtains the IP address, it searches for the configuration file in the/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg directory of the TFTP server.

The MAC address of a machine is '88: 99: AA: BB: CC: dd', and the obtained IP address is 192.0.2.91 (The hexadecimal number is C000025B ), then it will search for its configuration file in the following order:

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/01-88-99-aa-bb-cc-dd

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C000025B

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C000025

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C00002

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C0000

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C000

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C00

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C0

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C

/Tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/default

It can be seen that the order is to first find out whether there is a configuration file corresponding to its MAC address, then the IP address, then to a subnet that may be its, and finally the default

Then, the allocation is very good, for example:

If all machines in the 192.0.2.0/24 network segment are installed with SLES, modify the corresponding configuration file/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C00002;

If RHEL is installed on machines in 192.168.95.240/28, modify the corresponding configuration file/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C0A85FF;

These configuration files can be copied to default and then slightly modified:

# Cp/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/default/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C00002

# Vi/tftpboot/pxelinux. cfg/C00002