Linux Basics 3

This chapter covers a total of 2 aspects: Linux file System architecture and several common commands (LS, CD, pwd, mkdir, rmdir, Touch, stat, RM, tree, CP, MV, install)

Linux File System architecture

/boot: The file to be used when the system starts. vmlinuz--kernel, initramfs--hard disk image file, Grub: Boot loader
/dev: Device files, no size, stored according to the metadata file, including access to some devices.
Block devices: Random access (for example: Hard disk) character devices: linear access (mouse, keyboard, screen, etc.) device number: Main device number and secondary device number
/etc: Configuration files, all text files
/home: The user's house directory, default to/home/usrname
/root:root's Home directory
/lib:library, library file
/lib/modules: Kernel module files
Static Library: Direct link to program Access address, as part of the program, in memory is not shared with other memory
Dynamic Library: Dynamic link library, can be called in memory by multiple programs, shared use
/lost+found: Abnormal switching machine saving
/MNT: mount point directory (mainly mobile device: CD-ROM, floppy disk, etc.)
/media: Mount point directory (additional temporary file mount point) access to media files must be mounted in a directory, open read and execute operations
/misc: Miscellaneous
/opt:optinal, optional catalogue, early risers for storing third-party software
/proc: Pseudo file system, kernel mapping file, kernel tunable parameters. (later system tuning and system detection mainly involves this file)
/sys: Pseudo file system, property mapping file related to hardware device
/tmp,/VAR/TMP: Temp file system
/var: a variable file

/bin:binary binary executable file, user command

/sbin: Manage Commands. These two are for system boot related instructions

/usr:shared,read-only, a global shared read-only file.

/usr/bin/usr/sbin applications that provide basic functionality after startup

/usr/local/bin/usr/local/sbin location of third-party software Installation

Naming rules for creating directories: 1, strictly case-sensitive

2. No more than 255 characters

3. Cannot use '/' when file name

mkdir: Creating a Directory

-P If the parent directory does not exist when the directory is created, create

-V Details display creation details

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[[email protected] tmp]# MKDIR-PV {a,b}/{c,d}
mkdir: The Directory "A" was created
mkdir: Created directory "A/C"
mkdir: Created directory "A/d"
mkdir: The directory "B" has been created
mkdir: The directory "B/C" has been created
mkdir: The directory "b/d" has been created

{}: Indicates expansion

RmDir: Delete directory. Remove directory. Only empty directories can be deleted

-P: Empty in the path is removed.

Creation and deletion of files

Touch: Create a directory (the directory under a folder cannot be duplicate with a file)

1. touch File name creation file

2. Modify Time stamp

-C Modify timestamp, no this file is not created

-A: Modify access time only

-M: Modify only modified time

-T: modified to a time in the past

Create a file with a text compiler. Nano

Stat: View property information for a file

Chinese standard: GB18030, GBK, GB2312

RM: Deleting files

-I: Interactive delete

-F: Force delete

-r: Delete directory, recursive delete

Copying and moving directories

Copy: Copies the directory. CP src Dest

CP file1 file2 .... filen the first one is the source and the last one is the target.

A file to a file, a file to a directory, multiple files to a directory.

-R: Recursive replication, that is, copying this directory and its subdirectories

-F: Forced override

-I: Replication reminders

-P: Retention timestamp, master and other information

-A: All attributes are reserved (when archived)

-d: Copy the link file as a link file, otherwise the linked file will be copied.

-L: Copy link file as text

MV:SRC dest

Move the file. A file into a directory, a file to a file (not present) then move and rename, file to file (present) Overwrite, directory to directory

Install: Copy files and set properties. Can only be a file

-W: Setting Permissions

-D: Create a Directory

This article is from the "ice is Asleep water" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://278893181.blog.51cto.com/3156502/1622320

Linux Basics 3