Linux-Chapter 1 (linux preparations)

1. linux can run in X86 architecture

Features: a free and open use and learning environment with low requirements, powerful kernel functions, and independent jobs

Advantages: stable system, free or a little cost, quick fixing of Security and vulnerabilities, multi-tasking and multi-user, user and user group planning, less resource consumption system, suitable for embedded systems, well-integrated and user-friendly GUI

Disadvantages: lack of support from specific vendors, insufficient game support, and insufficient professional software

2. Current linux applications

Enterprises: network servers, applications of key tasks (financial databases, large enterprise network management environments), high-performance computing of academic institutions, cluster computers

Individuals: desktop computers, handheld systems, embedded systems

3. handle problems

Linux file data:/user/share/doc

CLDP Chinese Document plan: http://www.linux.org.cn/CLDP/

4. file names of each device in linux

IDE Hard Drive/dev/ha [a-d]

USB hard drive or USB flash drive/dev/sd [a-p]

Printer 25-pin:/dev/lp [0-2] or USB:/dev/usb/lp [0-15]

Mouse ps2:/dev/psaux or USB:/dev/usb/mouse [0-15]

5. Disk partitioning

The first sector of the disk records two information items: Primary boot partition (MR) and partition table.

Partition Table: The reference cylindrical number is used to record the start and end cylindrical numbers of each segment in the 64bytes capacity of the partition table. However, partitions can be extended, but the file name of the partition must be skipped.

6. Boot Process

BOIS-MBR-Boot loader-kernel files

7. host services

Coexistence of windows and linux, NAT router functions, adding windows Network neighbors, MAIL, WEB, DHCP, Proxy, FTP

8. Linux directory tree architecture

7. linux File description

/          The entry to the Linux File System is also the directory at the highest level;
/Bin    The commands required by the basic system are located in this directory, which is also required by the minimum system: such as ls, cp, mkdir, and other commands;     Similar to/usr/bin, the files in this directory are executable and can be used by common users. The most basic command required for the basic system is put here.
/Boot  The linux kernel and the files required by the boot system program, such as vmlinuzinitrd. imgfile, are all in this directory. In general, GRUB or LILO System Boot manager is also located in this directory:
/Dev   Device File storage directory, such as sound card and disk ......
/Etc    The location of the system configuration file. Some service configuration files are also here: for example, user account and password configuration files;
/HomeBy default, the Home Directory of a common user stores the directory;
/Lib     Library file storage directory