Linux directory Structure description

FHS

Filesystem HierarchyStandard (file system hierarchy Standards), most Linux versions Use this type of file organization, similar to Windows The file directory of the C drive in the operating system,FHS tree structure file. FHS Defines the purpose of each region in the system, the minimum required composition of the files and directories, and also gives the exception handling and contradictory processing.

The four most basic forms of interaction:

	Shareable (shareable)	non-shareable (unshareable)
static (static)	/usr (software placement)	etc (config file)
	/opt (third-party software)	/ Boot (boot with kernel file)
variable (variable)	/ Var/mail (user mailbox)	/var/run (program related)
	/var/spool/news (News Group)	/var/lock (file lock related)

There are two definitions for the differences between files: shareable and non-shareable files, mutable and static files. in general, files that differ in these areas should be placed in different folders. This makes it convenient to keep files of different uses on different file systems.

Shareable: Files are files that can be saved on one host and used on another host.

Non-shareable: Files that cannot be shared. For example, the files under the user's home folder are shareable, and the device lock files are not shareable.

Static files: includes binaries, library files, documents, and other files that will not change when the system administrator does not intervene.

mutable files: non-static files.

Directory structure diagram

Common Directory Description Table

Directory	Describe
/ Root File System
Bin	A binary file that holds commands that ordinary users can use
Boot	Some of the core files used when starting Linux
Dev	Device files
etc	Host-specific system configuration files
Home	User home folder
Lib	Dynamically linked shared libraries that act like. dll files in Windows
Media	Removable device mount point, the current operating system will usually put a USB stick and other devices automatically mounted to the folder
Mnt	Temporary place to mount the file system
Opt	Most third-party software is installed to this location by default
Proc	It is a virtual file system that exists in memory. It holds the kernel and process state information.
Root	Root User's home folder
Sbin	Executables for super users, many of which are system administration commands
Tmp	Temporary files
Usr	Level Two hierarchy
Var	Variable data
/ usr Hierarchical Structure
Bin	Most user lives
Include	C program contains the header file
Lib	Library
Local	Local hierarchy (empty after the entire system is installed)
Sbin	Non-critical system binaries
Share	Stand-alone and system-architecture data, with data that can be read almost anywhere in the hardware architecture
/ var Hierarchical Structure
Cache	Application Cache Data
Lib	mutable state information
Local	Variable data for/usr/local
Lock	Lock file
Log	Log files and folders
Opt	Variable data for/OPT
Run	About the data that is running the process
Spool	Application Spool Data
Tmp	Temporary files reserved between system two launches

/usr is a second important part of the file system. /usr is a shareable, read-only data. This means that/usr should be able to be shared between various FHS compatible hosts and prohibit write. Any host-specific information or amount of change over time is saved elsewhere. Large packages prohibit the use of direct subfolders in the/USR hierarchy.

/var contains variable data files. This includes spool folders and files, administrative and log data, and staging and staging files.

Some parts of/VAR cannot be shared between different systems. For example,/var/log,/var/log, and/var/run. Other parts can be shared, especially like/var/mail,/var/mail,/var/cache/man,/var/cache/font, and/var/spool/news.

Suggestions:

1, the root system should be as small as possible.

2, the application can not be created at any time or require to save special files or subfolders under the root folder.

Linux directory Structure description