Linux Fundamentals 05

Last Update:2017-10-31 Source: Internet

Author: User

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Tracks: Track

Sector: Sector 512 bytes

Head: Head

Cylinder: Cylinder

Identify the hard disk and partition Plan = + format and mount using

Mbr/msdos partition mode

–1~4 primary partition, or 0~3 primary partition + one extended partition (n

Logical partitions)

– Maximum supported disks with a capacity of 2.2TB

– Extended partitions cannot be formatted

First, check that there are currently those disks

[Email protected] ~]# ls/dev/vd*

[Email protected] ~]# lsblk

Ii. Division of partitions

View Partition Table

[Email protected] ~]# fdisk-l/DEV/SDA

[Email protected] ~]# FDISK/DEV/VDB

Common Interactive directives:

M list instructions Help

P View the existing partition table

N New Partition

D Delete Partition

Q Discard Changes and exit

W Save changes and exit

# LS/DEV/VDB

# LSBLK

Third, the format of

MKFS Tool Set

–MKFS.EXT3 Partition Device Path

–MKFS.EXT4 Partition Device Path

–MKFS.XFS Partition Device Path

–MKFS.VFAT-F 32 Partition Device path

[Email protected] ~]# MKFS.EXT3/DEV/VDB1

[Email protected] ~]# MKFS.EXT4/DEV/VDB2 #此为常用项

[Email protected] ~]# MKFS.XFS/DEV/VDB3

Iv. Mounting and use

[Email protected] ~]# Mkdir/part1

[Email protected] ~]# Mkdir/part2

[Email protected] ~]# MKDIR/PART3

[Email protected] ~]# Mount/dev/vdb1/part1

[Email protected] ~]# Mount/dev/vdb2/part2

[Email protected] ~]# MOUNT/DEV/VDB3/PART3

V. Viewing mount Usage

[Email protected] ~]# df-h

When a partition needs to be swapped for a mount point and retains the contents of the directory

[Email protected] ~]# #mount/dev/vdb5/mnt

[Email protected] ~]# #cp-R/home/*/mnt/

[Email protected] ~]# #rm-rf/home/*

[Email protected] ~]# #umount/mnt/

[Email protected] ~]# #mount/dev/vdb5/home

# FDISK/DEV/VDB

[Email protected] ~]# ls/dev/vdb*

[Email protected] ~]# Partprobe #刷新分区表

[Email protected] ~]# ls/dev/vdb*

[Email protected] ~]# lsblk

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Boot Auto Mount/etc/fstab

– Device path mount point type parameter backup mark detection order

/dev/vdb3/part3 XFS Defaults 0 0

/dev/vdb2/part2 EXT4 Defaults 0 0

Add: Blkid View partition UUID file system

[Email protected] ~]# Vim/etc/fstab

[Email protected] ~]# Tail-2/etc/fstab

/dev/vdb3/part3 XFS Defaults 0 0

/dev/vdb2/part2 EXT4 Defaults 0 0

[Email protected] ~]# mount-a

Detect/etc/fstab Boot automatically mount profile, format is correct

Detects/etc/fstab, writes complete, but does not currently mount the device, mounts

[Email protected] ~]# df-h

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General idea of partition operation

1. LSBLK View Hard Drive information

2. Fdisk partitioning

3. Partprobe refresh the new partition table

4. MKFS.XFS formatted partition

5. Mount Mount Test

6./etc/fstab Boot automatically mount

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LVM logical Volumes

1. Managing Scattered spaces

2. Extended domain reduction for logical volume dynamics

A number of physical volumes (PV) are first formed into a volume group (VG), in which logical volumes (LVS) are divided from the volume group

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First, create physical volumes and volume groups

Vgcreate Volume Group name partition

[Email protected] ~]# vgcreate Myvg/dev/vdc[1-2]

[Email protected] ~]# PVs #显示物理卷基本信息

[Email protected] ~]# VGS #显示卷组基本信息

Ii. Creating a logical volume

Lvcreate-l Logical Volume Size-n Logical volume name of the volume group

[Email protected] ~]# VGS

[Email protected] ~]# lvcreate-l 16g-n mylv MYVG

[Email protected] ~]# VGS

[[email protected] ~]# LVS

Third, use the logical volume LV

[Email protected] ~]# MKFS.EXT4/DEV/MYVG/MYLV

[Email protected] ~]# MKDIR/LVM

[Email protected] ~]# Vim/etc/fstab

/DEV/MYVG/MYLV/LVM EXT4 Defaults 0 0

[Email protected] ~]# mount-a

[Email protected] ~]# df-h

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Logical volume expansion, support for on-line operations

One, the volume group has enough space left

1. Directly extend the space of the logical volume

[Email protected] ~]# VGS

[[email protected] ~]# LVS

[Email protected] ~]# lvextend-l 18G/DEV/MYVG/MYLV

[[email protected] ~]# LVS

[Email protected] ~]# VGS

2. Size of the extended file system

Extension ext4 file system: Resize2fs/dev/myvg/mylv #常用

Extended XFS File system: XFS_GROWFS/DEV/MYVG/MYLV

[Email protected] ~]# df-h

[Email protected] ~]# RESIZE2FS/DEV/MYVG/MYLV

[Email protected] ~]# df-h

Second, the volume group does not have enough space left

1. Expand the volume group first

[Email protected] ~]# VGS

[[email protected] ~]# LVS

[Email protected] ~]# vgextend MYVG/DEV/VDC3

[Email protected] ~]# VGS

2. Directly extend the space of the logical volume

[Email protected] ~]# VGS

[[email protected] ~]# LVS

[Email protected] ~]# lvextend-l 25G/DEV/MYVG/MYLV

[[email protected] ~]# LVS

[Email protected] ~]# VGS

3. Size of the extended file system

[Email protected] ~]# df-h

[Email protected] ~]# RESIZE2FS/DEV/MYVG/MYLV

[Email protected] ~]# df-h

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Set PE size when creating a volume group

–vgcreate-s PE Size Volume group name free partition ...

PE: The default unit of volume group partition space, 4M can be changed artificially

Lvcreate-l PE number-n test Volume group name

[Email protected] ~]# vgchange-s 1M MYVG

[Email protected] ~]# Vgdisplay MYVG

[Email protected] ~]# lvcreate-l 50-n test MYVG

[[email protected] ~]# LVS

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Managing Swap Space

Equivalent to virtual memory,

– Use disk space to simulate memory when physical memory is not sufficient

– To some extent alleviate the problem of low memory

– Swap partition: Swap space acting as an idle partition

[Email protected] ~]# MKSWAP/DEV/VDC5 #格式化SWAP命令

[Email protected] ~]# swapon-s #查看SWAP状态

[Email protected] ~]# SWAPON/DEV/VDC5 #启用交换空间