Linux Learning Notes: Basic concepts and operations

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1. Terminal

Linux defaults to 6 pure command line Interface "Terminal" (this should be exactly 6 virtual consoles) to let the user log on, on the physical machine system you can use [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F1]～[F6] to switch. When you switch to one of the terminals and want to switch back to the GUI, you can press [Ctrl] + [Alt] + [F7] to complete.

2. Shell (Shell)

Shell refers to the "user Interface" software (command parser), Unix/linux operating system shell is not only the interface of users interaction, but also the scripting language of the control system, more popular common shell has bash,zsh,ksh,csh and so on, The Ubuntu terminal uses bash by default.

3. Important Shortcut keys

[Tab]: Used to complete the command, complete the directory, complement the parameters

[Ctr+c]: Forcibly stop the current program, restore to a controllable state

Key	function
Ctrl+d	Keyboard input end or exit terminal
Ctrl+s	Tentative current program, pause and press any key to resume operation
Ctrl+z	Put the current program in the background to run, revert to the foreground commandfg
Ctrl+a	Move the cursor to the input wardrobe equivalent to the Home key
Ctrl+e	Moves the cursor to the end of the input line, equivalent to the End key
Ctrl+k	Remove from cursor position to end of line
Alt+Backspace	Delete a word forward
Shift+PgUp	Scroll the terminal display up
Shift+PgDn	Scroll down the terminal display

4. Wildcard characters

There are mainly "*" and "?", to deal with the string fuzzy matching.

Common wildcard characters in the shell:

character	meaning
*	Match 0 or more characters
?	Match any one character
[list]	Match any single character in the list
[!list]	Matches a character other than any single character in the list
[c1-c2]	Match any single word in c1-c2 such as: [0-9] [A-z]
{string1,string2,...}	Match sring1 or string2 (or more) one string
{c2..c2}	Match all characters in c1-c2 such as {1..10}

5. Learn to use man

Section	Description
1	General Command
2	System calls
3	Library functions, covering the C standard function library
4	Special files (usually devices in/dev) and drivers
5	File formats and conventions
6	Games and Screensavers
7	Miscellaneous
8	System administration Commands and Daemons

Using Search in Man, /<你要搜索的关键字> you can use the key to switch to the next keyword where the n shift+n previous keyword is located. Use Space (SPACEBAR) to page, Enter (enter) scroll down one line, or use j , k (Vim Editor's move key) to scroll backward one line forward. Press the h key to show use Help (because man uses less as a reader, which is less the tool's Help), press q exit

You can also use info, if you know the purpose of a command, just want to quickly see some of its specific parameters of the role, then you can work with --help parameters, most of the commands will have this parameter.

Linux Learning Notes: Basic concepts and actions