Linux Learning Notes (vii)--linux basic knowledge

See below for a larger section: Bird's private Cuisine (third edition)

Http://vbird.dic.ksu.edu.tw/linux_basic/linux_basic.php#part2

Below we introduce the basic knowledge of Linux:

Linux is a set of open-source, stable multi-user network operating system, support multi-user, multi-threading and multi-CPU.

All Linux content is collectively referred to as files.

Details are:

A, ordinary files (regular file): Is the general Access file, the properties displayed by Ls-al, the first property is "Rwx rwx rwx"

B, directory file (directory): Is the directory, the first property is "D", for example: "Drwx rwx rwx" C, Connection file: Similar to Windows system shortcuts. The first property is not "L", for example: "Lrwx rwx rwx".

D, device and device files: Some files related to system peripherals and storage are usually concentrated in the/dev directory. Often divided into: block device files

Since we are most exposed to the Windows Microsoft System, we know that in Windows, the hard disk is generally divided into sections

Note: In Windows, no matter how many hard disks you have, when the interface is displayed, it is unified by: C, D, E, F ... If you press the detailed hard disk to divide the words, the main disk may appear with the slave disk.

But in Linux, it is different like this:

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Let's take a look at the directory structure of Linux, such as (from Bird's home cuisine)

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Linux system directory structure

/

/directory, also known as the root directory, is located at the top level of the Linux file system directory structure. The only partition in many systems. If there are other partitions, you must hang them somewhere in the/directory. The entire directory structure is tree-structured and therefore also known as a directory tree.

bin

The bin directory is a command file directory, also known as a binary directory. Contains important Linux commands and binary (executable) files for system administrators and ordinary users, including shell interpreters, which cannot contain subdirectories.

Boot

Boot directory, which holds the system's kernel files and boot loader files.

Dev (drive directory)

The dev directory, also known as the device file directory, holds the corresponding files for devices (terminals, disk drives, CD-ROMs, and network cards) connected to the computer, including character devices and block devices.

etc

The ETC directory stores most of the system's configuration files and subdirectories. X Window System files are saved in the/ETC/X11 subdirectory, and network-related configuration files are saved in the/etc/sysconfig subdirectory. The files in this directory are used by the system administrator, and the normal user has read-only access to most of the files.

Home

The home directory contains the home directory for each user on the system, and the subdirectory name is the user name.

Lib

The Lib directory contains a variety of programming language libraries. A typical Linux system contains library files in C, C + +, and Fortran languages. Applications developed in these languages can be used with these library files. This enables software developers to take advantage of pre-written and tested functions. The library image file under the/lib directory can be used to start the system and execute some commands. The directory/lib/modules contains the loadable kernel modules. The/lib directory contains all the important library files, and the other library files are mostly stored in the/usr/lib directory.

Lost+found  

Lost+found directory, in the EXT2 or EXT3 file system, when the system crashes unexpectedly or the machine shuts down unexpectedly, some file fragments are placed here. During system startup, the Fsck tool checks here and repairs the corrupted file system. Sometimes problems with the system, a lot of files are moved to this directory, it may be done in a manual way to repair, or move files to the location of the shipment.

opt  

The OPT directory represents a selectable meaning, and some packages are installed here, and some third-party applications are usually installed in this directory.

Root

The root directory is the system administrator's home directory.

usr

The USR directory is one of the largest systems in the Linnux system, and in many systems, the directory is the most isolated partition mounted. This directory mainly contains infrequently changing data, as well as the application directory installed under the system.

mnt

The MNT directory is primarily used to temporarily mount file systems, providing default mount points for some devices, such as Floppy,cdrom. This way, when a device such as an optical drive is mounted, it is possible to access the files on the corresponding CD-ROM by accessing the files under directory/mnt/cdrom.

proc

The proc directory is a virtual file system in which files are in-memory images. You can view the files in this directory in the past for more information about the system hardware running, such as using the more or less command to view the/proc/interrupts file for hardware interrupt (IRQ) information, to view the/proc/cpuinfo file for the model of the CPU, Frequency and other information.

Sbin

The command file for the system administrator or root user is saved under the Sbin directory. /usr/sbin stores the application software,/usr/local/sbin the command that stores the common root user rights.

tmp

The TMP directory contains temporary files that some commands and applications will use to this directory. All files in this directory are deleted periodically to prevent temporary files from filling up the entire disk.

var

The Var directory, and subdirectories in that directory, often store frequently changing content, such as system logs, mail files, and so on.

This article is from the "Last Bus" blog, so be sure to keep this source http://hznethome.blog.51cto.com/722914/1561018

Linux Learning Notes (vii)--linux basic knowledge