Linux Quick Experience

1, Linux part directory structure introduction

/: Root directory, the general root directory to the storage directory, try not to store files;/etc,/bin,/dev,/lib,/sbin should be placed in a partition with the root directory.

/bin: Executable binary directories, such as common commands ls, cat, MV, tar commands are stored in the directory.

/boot: Stores files used by Linux system startup, such as kernel files for Linux/boot/vmlinuz, and/boot/grub.

/dev: Device files directory, used to store the device files under the system, Linux under the device as a file, access to a file in the directory, equivalent to access a device, commonly used is mounted optical drive mount/dev/cdrom/mnt.

/etc: The operating system's profile directory, it is not recommended to store executable files in this directory, important configuration files are/etc/inittab,/ETC/INIT.D,/etc/fstab,/etc/x11,/etc/sysconfig,/etc/ Xinetd.d remember to back up before modifying the configuration file.

/home: The Default User House directory for the system. ~ Represents the home directory of the current user.

/lib: The system uses the library's directory, the program in the execution process, need to call some additional parameters when the function library assistance, the more important directory is/lib/modules.

/lost+found: When an error occurs with the system exception, some of the missing fragments are stored in this directory.

/root: Home directory for system administrator root.

/sbin: Place the executable command that the system administrator uses, unlike/bin, this directory is a command for the system administrator root, the general user can only "view" and cannot be set up and use.

/tmp: A directory where files are temporarily stored by a general user or a program being executed, accessible to anyone.

/usr: application storage directory,/usr/bin storage applications,/usr/share store shared data,/usr/lib storage can not directly run, but is a lot of programs to run a number of function library files.

/MNT: CD mount point, usually the optical device/dev/cdrom mounted to the/MNT directory.

2. Mode switch

In the graphical interface, terminal input init 3 enters the pure character interface, and then enters Init 5 back to the graphical interface.

3. Common hotkeys for Linux terminals

Tab: Command completion, file path completion.

CTRL + C: terminating a running program

Ctrl+d: Exit Character interface

Ctrl+alt+t: Creates a new tab in the current terminal.

Alt+n: Switch to the nth tab of the same terminal.

Ctrl+shift+c: Copy terminal selected content; Ctrl+shift+v: Paste terminal to copy content.

4. Users and user groups

The user details are stored in the file/etc/passwd file, where each row represents one user information and each line has 7 segments: such as root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash=>> user name: Password: uid:groupid: User's full name : Use the home directory: Indicates what tools the user uses to parse the command when executing the command.

User groups: A group of multiple users, one user can belong to multiple groups. The information is stored in the file/etc/group file, each line corresponds to a group, such as: root:x:0: ==>> Group name: group Password: The group ID: indicates that there are members in the team.

5. File properties: Use the "ll" command to list the details. such as-RWXR-X-WX 1 root root 890 22:41 config==>> file type and the number of access files The file owner file belongs to group file size (in units of byte) file creation time file name. -RWXR-X-WX has 10 characters for file type and access rights. The first is the file type "-" for the normal file, and "D" for the catalog file. The second field is followed by three characters rwx for the file owner access rights. The third field is the next three characters r-x the file to which the group belongs to the user access rights. The fourth field-WX access to the file for other users.

Linux Quick Experience