LINUX system learning series --- Memorandum

LINUX system learning series --- Memorandum 1, Foreword ---- preface I have been operating Linux in the office for a long time. I understand a lot, but I am not a system, and I am still not familiar with many basic things, so I wrote this series of articles and made a system review and memo. Although I had this idea, I have never implemented it. I don't know where to start, so I decided to write a part first, you can adjust the order. General current ideas: Linux overview-File System Structure-startup process-kernel introduction-common command set-continue to supplement 2, linux ---- overview we can see the origin of Linux and the development history of Unix systems. There are several major "genres" that we often come into contact with: BOSS --- Microsoft WIN; Western Region genre ---- MAC; wudang ---- Linux; Shaolin ---- Unix; Linux is a kernel, with a single kernel loaded into the memory. What we see is the release version, is a collection of various GNU software added to the kernel, including the desktop environment. Many releases do not describe in detail. If you want to use KDE for beautiful desktops, you can simply use GNOME. Www.2cto.com

The idea of Linux is that everything is regarded as a file! 3. Linux ---- partition of File System Structure 3.1 here we are looking at the partition, which is divided into primary partition and extended partition. Linux has a maximum of four primary partitions, extended partitions are more of a container or concept, which is divided into logical partitions. logical partitions are atomic and cannot be partitioned by molecules. What is different from WIN series is that, LINUX maps physical addresses in sub-directories first, so it can mount directories to different partitions. Now we can see the following figure in detail.

3.2 after the LINUX File System type is divided into good zones, you are faced with the choice of the file system type. This is a detour, such as the well-known NFTS and FAT32, this mainly defines how files are stored on disks, such as the size of clusters and how to allocate file space. Common file systems: [html] <span style = "background-color: rgb (255,255,255);"> ext2: popular file systems in early linux, ext3: Upgrade of ext2, RAMFS with log function: memory file system, fast NFS: Network File System, invented by SUN, mainly used for remote file sharing MS-DOS: MS-DOS File System VFAT: windows 95/98 adopts the file system FAT: Windows XP adopts the file system NTFS: Windows NT/XP adopts the file system HPFS: OS/2 file system PROC used by the operating system: Virtual process File System www.2cto.com ISO9660: File System ufsSun used by most of the CDs: NCPFS used by the operating system: by the Novell Server </s Pan> used file system SMBFS: Samba shared file system XFS: an advanced Log File System developed by SGI, supporting large-capacity file JFS: the log file system ReiserFS used by ibm aix: File System udf Based on the Balance Tree Structure: erasable data disk file system 3.3 file structure we know that there are many folders under the system root directory, what are the purposes of these folders in LINUX? I found a good graph on the Internet. For more information, please refer to it. However, this figure is a bit old. For the current UBUNTU release, another directory is the RUN directory. For CENTOS, there may be SELINUX directories and so on. Figure:

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