Marco Training: First week homework

Job content this week:8 months 7 days before completion

1, describe the composition of the computer and its functions.

A: The computer consists of two parts, internal and external. The included CPU, read-only memory, motherboard, sound card, network card, video card, and some other special-purpose function boards. Peripherals mainly include: mouse

Keyboards, monitors, printers, scanners and other input, as well as U disk, CD-ROM and other memory devices.

2. List Linux distributions by series and describe the connection and difference between different distributions.

A: There are very, very many branch versions of the Linux distribution, and currently the main popular release versions are:

1, Slackwer, and Slackwer-derived branch versions of SuSE

2. Debian and its derivative branch release Ubuntu

3. Redhat and its derivative branch version fedora, CentOS

3, describe the philosophy of Linux, and according to their own understanding of its interpretation of the description.

A: The philosophical ideas of Linux are:

1, all documents: Linux All Programs, devices, etc. are in the file format exists.

2, by the function of a single small program combination to complete the complex task.

3, less interaction: To achieve script programming, automate the completion of work tasks.

4. The configuration file is saved in the unified file format.

4, explain the use of the command on the Linux system format; details Ifconfig, Echo, TTY, STARTX, export, pwd,

The use of the history, shutdown, Poweroff, reboot, Hwclock, and date commands, and is elaborated in conjunction with the corresponding examples.

A: ifconfig: Commands come from the Net-tools Toolkit, which is used to configure a network interface information.

Common usage:

Ifconfig-a: Show all available NICs

ifconfig-s: Display summary Information

Ifconfig eth0 up: turn on the NIC

Ifconfig eth0 down: switch off the NIC

Ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.2 Mask 255.255.255.0: adding IP information

Ifconfig eth0 del: remove IP information

Echo: Display text information to standard output

TTY: Display the file name of the terminal connection standard input device

StartX: Opens the graphical interface on the system where the graphics terminal is installed.

Export: setting or displaying environment variables

Common usage:

Setting variables

#export path= $PATH:/usr/local/soft/sbin

Show current system variables:

#export

PWD: Displays the current path

History: Show Historical Commands

Common usage:

History-c: Emptying the list of command records

history-d #: Delete List # command record

History-w: Saves the current command history to the command log file

Shutdown: For shutting down, shutting down the system, rebooting the system, etc.

Common usage:

Shutdown-h now: Shut down the system immediately and disconnect the power

Shutdown-h shut down the system and power off after +m:m minutes

Shutdown-h hh:mm:hh hour mm minutes to shut down the system and disconnect the power

Shutdown-c: Cancel the previously set shutdown task

Shutdown-r: Rebooting the system

Halt: For shutting down, shutting down the system, rebooting the system, etc.

Common usage:

HALT-P: Shut down the system power off

Halt: Shut down the system but keep the power off

Halt--reboot: Rebooting the system

HALT-FP: Do not notify the system Init process, force shut down the system and disconnect power

Poweroff: For shutting down, shutting down the system, rebooting the system, etc. Parameter usage is the same as halt

Reboot: For shutting down, shutting down the system, rebooting the system, etc. Parameter usage is the same as halt

Hwclock: Query or set hardware time

Common usage:

hwclock-s: Synchronizing the system time with the time of the hardware clock

HWCLOCK-W: Synchronizing the hardware clock with the time of the system clock

5, how to get the Help information of the command on the Linux system, please detailed list, and describe how the chapters of the man document are divided.

A: Bash built-in commands help get the method:

Use the help command for assistance, or you can get a brief description via command-h or command--help.

External command Help gets the method:

1. COMMAND--help

2. Man COMMAND get help information through man manual

3. Info COMMAND get help information via info page

4, the program's own Help file: Redadme, INSTALL, changelog, etc.

5. Official Documentation Document

6. Official documentation of the distribution system

7, Google, Baidu and other search engines

8. Third-party documentation sites, such as SlideShare

Man document chapters are divided into 1~8 a total of 8 chapters, 1~8 chapters are divided into: User commands, System calls, C library calls,

commands for device files and special files, configuration file formats, games, miscellaneous, management classes

6, please list the Linux distribution version of the basic directory name of the law and function provisions

A: The Linux distribution base directory name and the main purpose of the provisions:

/boot: Boot file directory, kernel file (vmlinuz), boot loader (bootloader,grub) are stored in this directory;

/bin: A basic command for all users, a program that cannot be associated to a separate partition, and that is used by OS startup;

/sbin: The basic command of the management class: Can not be associated to a separate partition, storing the OS startup and even the program;

/lib: Basic shared library files, and kernel module files (/lib/modules);

/LIB64: Dedicated to the storage location of the secondary shared library files on the x86-64 system;

/etc: Configuration file directory (plain text file)

/home/username: Normal User home directory

/root: Administrator's home directory: Some distribution systems may not have this directory

/media: Portable mobile device mount point

/MNT: Temporary file system mount point

/dev: Device files and special file storage locations

/OPT: Where to install third-party applications

/SRV: Data used by services running on the system

/tmp: Temporary file storage location

/usr:universal Shared,read-onlydata:

/var:variable data files variable file storage path

Marco Training: First week homework