Python Learning note __13.2 requests

# This is a learning note for the Liaoche teacher Python tutorial

Compared to Python's built-in urllib module, using requests can be used to better handle URL resources.

1 , using Requests

1) through GET visit a page

>>> Import Requests

>>> r = requests.get(' https://www.douban.com/') # watercress Home

>>> R.Status_code

200

>>> R.text

R.text

' <! DOCTYPE html>\n

2) for parameters with URL , passing in a Dict as a params Parameters:

>>> r = requests.get (' Https://www.douban.com/search ', params={' q ': ' Python ', ' cat ': ' 1001 '})

>>> R.url # The URL we actually requested

'https://www.douban.com/search?q=python&cat=1001'

3) Requests automatically detect the encoding, you can use encoding Properties View

>>> R.Encoding

' Utf-8 '

4) Whether the response is text or binary content, we can use the content Property gets bytes Object

>>> R.Content

B ' <! DOCTYPE html>\n

4) for a specific type of response, such as JSON, you can get directly

>>> r = Requests.get (' https://query.yahooapis.com/v1/public/yql?q=select%20*%20from%20weather.forecast% 20where%20woeid%20%3d%202151330&format=json ')

>>> R.JSON ()

{' query ': {' count ': 1, ' created ': ' 2017-11-17t07:14:12z ', ...

5) need to pass in HTTP Header when we pass in a Dict as a Headers Parameters:

>>> r = requests.get (' https://www.douban.com/', headers={' user-agent ': ' mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone os 11_0 like Mac os X) AppleWebKit '})

>>> R.text

' <! DOCTYPE html>\n

6) to send the POST request, simply turn the Get () method into post () and then pass in the data parameter as the POST request

>>> r = requests. Post (' Https://accounts.douban.com/login ', data={' form_email ': ' [email protected] ', ' form_password ': ' 123456 '})

put post () method is replaced by put () , Delete () and so on, you can request resources in a put or delete way

7) Requests Default Usage application/x-www-form-urlencoded the POST data encoding. If you want to pass JSON data, you can pass in the JSON parameter directly

params = {' key ': ' Value '}

r = requests.post (URL, json=params) # Internally automatically serialized as JSON

8) Uploading a file requires a more complex encoding format, but Requests simplify it to Files Parameters

>>> upload_files = {' file ': Open (' Report.xls ', ' RB ')} # Note Identifiers b , so the length of the file is bytes .

>>> r = requests.post (URL, files=upload_files)

9) Get the response header

>>> R.Headers

{content-type ': ' text/html; Charset=utf-8 ', ' transfer-encoding ': ' chunked ', ' content-encoding ': ' gzip ', ...}

>>> R.headers[' Content-type ']

' Text/html; Charset=utf-8 '

10) Gets the specified Cookies

>>> cs = {' token ': ' 12345 ', ' status ': ' Working '}

>>> r = requests.get (URL, cookies=cs)

11) To specify a time-out, pass in seconds Timeout Parameters

>>> r = requests.get (URL, timeout=2.5) # timeout after 2.5 seconds

Python Learning note __13.2 requests