Reina's image mystery in image processing

Previously, when I was doing image processing experiments, I often used Lena images as the processing objects. At that time, I often used the photographer's images. At that time, I often asked myself why I used these images? Why? Why are they used for standard test images? Why are these images used in teaching materials as examples?
After reading "playmates" accidentally entered the academic circle in the squirrel meeting, I finally stole it. This document is reproduced only for the purpose of saving the information. In addition, if anyone knows the story of the photographer, please let me know!
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"Playmates" accidentally entered the academic circle
Robot was published on
She is the object of research that has made countless experts obsessed with and suffering. She is the most eye-catching light in the papers filled with boring mathematical formulas. She opened any textbook on computer image processing, you can see her smile. She is Lena, and her photos are the most widely used standard test charts in the image processing field. Is she a real person? Where did she come from?

1. cause of the incident
famous computer expert Alexander sawchuk, a young assistant professor at the Institute of signal and image processing at the University of Southern California in the summer of 1973) and researcher William Pratt is busy with an academic paper, try to find an image suitable for testing and compressing the algorithm from a stack of commonly used test images: preferably a face, smooth surface, and multi-level content. However, these monotonous old pictures, like early TV pictures, soon disappointed them. Here is a little joke about history. Someone is coming to the lab with a Playboy magazine (published in November 1972). Lena's? Derberg) immediately attracted everyone's attention. Alexander found that the picture with smooth faces and complicated ornaments exactly met the requirements, so they tore down the color picture and scanned the upper half into a 512x512 pixel image, this was born.
Alexander did not find anything inappropriate. He used this image to test his own compression algorithm and completed the paper with satisfaction. Renna, who is far away in Chicago, knows nothing about all this. After her modeling career ends, she returns to her hometown in Sweden, gets married and has children, and never knows that she will become a legend in the academic circle. After Alexander's paper was published, his colleagues repeatedly asked him for original scanned copies to compare the results with their own image compression algorithms. Over time, this image has become a standard test image in the field of image processing. You only need to pay a small fee to get a copy of the original scanned copy from the University of Southern California, most researchers have only one goal: How to Increase the compression rate while ensuring the image quality.
with the popularity of this standard chart in the academic circle, many people began to become interested in this charming girl. In October 1988, a Swedish computer publishing house contacted and interviewed renna. This was the first time she had learned that her photos were used in the computer industry in the past 15 years. She was excited and surprised. In, with the help of Playboy magazine, the sponsor of the Image Science and Technology Conference (is & T) officially invited Rena to attend the anniversary conference held in Boston in that year. This is about 1/4 centuries after the birth of renattu. The original young professor has become a well-known scholar in the industry, and the young girl's face has finally seen white hair ." They must have been bored with me. They have been watching the same photo for so many years ." Reina received a warm welcome at the meeting. She saw a lot of research work based on Reina Tu and was busy signing on one or more of her photos.

2. Copyright competition "theft" brings a piece of paper popularity
in 1991, the academic journal "Optical Engineering" (Optical Engineering) uses Rena diagram as the cover of its July publication. So far, Playboy has learned that this image has been "stolen" in academia for 18 years (from this we can also learn how hard it is to communicate with the entertainment industry ). The unintentional act finally brought the copyright issue of the photo to the surface. Playboy officially sent a letter to the International Institute of Optical Engineering (Spie), the publisher of Optical Engineering, requesting that prior authorization be granted to any part of any post-publication that uses the Reina diagram. As the most popular standard test chart in the industry, following this requirement will undoubtedly cause great inconvenience to researchers all over the world. As a last resort, Spie explained the use of renaptu in academia and pointed out that she is a non-profit scientific association. Publications are only for education and research purposes. In the face of this fact, Playboy is also generous, saying that it will not pursue the infringement problems caused by renaptu in the academic field.
after this small dispute, academia pays more attention to the copyright of the paper images. (It is worth mentioning that renaptu was not the first image of Playboy in the field of image processing. As early as 1961, A student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Used a previously authorized playboy image in his master's thesis .) For the majority of researchers who use Reina tu, they can then get Reina tu free of charge from the University of Southern California. The generous magazine has not suffered any losses. The issue of Playboy published by Rena is the best in its history, A total of more than 7 million copies were sold (the purchasing power of geek is amazing !).
the copyright storm has passed, but the Reina diagram dispute continues.
3. The competition for technology is not perfect.
Why is Reina tu so popular? David Munson, editor-in-chief of the IEEE image processing Journal, believes that there are two reasons: "First, this image contains details, flat areas, shadows, and textures, it is helpful to test various image processing algorithms. Secondly, this is a very charming female photo, and it is not surprising that the image processing field (mostly male) is willing to use an image that they think is attractive ." This picture contains a wide range of frequencies, including smooth skin at low frequencies and feathers at high frequencies, and is suitable for testing images. The differences between human eyes and human faces are far more obvious than general scenes. However, this does not mean that Rena is perfect.

scanning Rena charts in the Past uses scanners and computers that seem to lag behind. Due to software errors, Alexander only had 511 rows (expected to be 512 rows) of data. The data in the top row of the image was copied, which caused slight flaws on the edge.