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Data communication and network note-TCP is a connection-oriented and reliable protocol. To send data, it establishes a virtual connection between two TCP (in fact, this connection does not exist, is implemented through retransmission and validation )

STP protocol and working process STP protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol) is a layer-2 management protocol with the standard of 802.1d. IEEE 802.1d is the earliest STPS standard. It provides a dynamic redundancy switching mechanism for the network. The

Transmission Layer -- TCP packet header Introduction 16-bit source port 16-bit destination port 32-bit serial number 32-bit confirmation serial number 4-bit header length keep 6-bit U R G A C K P S H R S T s y n f I N 16-bit window size 16-bit

A Brief Analysis of the hfc-hpc Network (Hybrid Fiber-Coaxial): Fiber-optic Coaxial cable Hybrid network. Generally, HFCs are composed of three parts: optical fiber trunk lines, coaxial cable lines, and user distribution networks. Program signals

To allow your system to access IP addresses of multiple network segments at the same time, you often need to access network devices of different network segments during network application development. The following simple settings allow your system

During UDP packet sending and receiving, if the applications on the two hosts in the network need to communicate with each other, the first is to know the IP addresses of each other, and the second is to know the port that the program can listen.

We recommend that you do not connect UDP broadcast to multicast before using UDP for information transmission. In other words, the client sends information to the server. The client only needs to give the Server IP address and port number, and then

The UDP header analysis is from the source port and destination port on wikipedia, respectively, The UDP packet's departure port and destination port. Length is the Length of the UDP packet. The checksum algorithm is similar to the header checksum

Net use command review 1. Establish an ipc connection: C: \> net use \ 192.168.100.101 \ ipc $ "22222"/user: "administrator" command successfully completed. 2. The command for extracting shared resources: C: \> net use z: \ 192.168.100.101 \ e $ is

The future and performance of TCP connections when TCP was just born, its main operating environment was low-speed networks such as Ethernet and SLIP. With the emergence of high-speed networks, the requirement for higher TCP protocol throughput and

Introduction to broadcast and multicast and IGMP Protocols 1. Introduction to unicast, multicast, and broadcast 1. 1. unicast (unicast) unicast means data transmission to a specific host. For example, an IP packet is sent to a host. At this time,

Ping the IP address of another computer and try to Ping the IP address of another computer. To do this, type ping , where is the IP address of another computer. You will receive a response similar to the following: Pinging with 32 bytes of data:

TCP-caused exception shutdown means that the normal method for terminating a connection is to send FIN. All queued data in the sending buffer is sent before sending FIN. Normally, no data is lost. However, sometimes we may send an RST packet segment

The TCP option TCP_KETEPALIVE KEEPALIVE mechanism is the TCP layer (implemented by non-application-layer Business Code) stipulated by the TCP protocol to detect the connectivity of the TCP connection between the TCP local end and the other host.

In simple terms, the semi-closing of TCP and CLOSE_WAIT will take four handshakes to terminate a connection. This is caused by half-close of TCP. Since a TCP connection is full (that is, data can be transmitted simultaneously in both directions, it

A Netfilter table statement is used to analyze data packets transmitted over each built-in link according to the following filter table rules. Filter (data packet filter, the default filter in the Link) INPUT (Act on the packets entering the local

Basic Netfilter network Commands include: iptables-N chain # create A link iptables-A chain \ # Add link rules-t table \ # Use filter, nat, mangle) -p protocol \ # tcp, udp, icmp, or all,-s source-address [/mask] \ -- sport port [[UbuntuHelp: port] \

Analysis of network traffic consumed by GFS lookup at a time 1. the number of bytes occupied by the data link layer is fixed to: 14B (details are omitted) 2. the IP protocol layer occupies a fixed number of bytes: 28B (The details are omitted). 3.

Comprehensive Analysis of UDPHow to calculate UDP check and checksum 1. The following figure shows a UDP test and all the information required, including three parts:1. UDP pseudo Header2. UDP Header3. UDP data part (do not omit this part; otherwise

CCNA registration-basic network knowledge-1-1 I recorded my learning process on CSDN for the first time. I hope to share my learning process with you! Read the first chapter of CCNA authentication and learn what kind of network-centric world we live