在python的官方文檔中:getattr()的解釋如下:
getattr(object, name[, default])Return the value of the named attribute of object. name must be a string. If the string is the name of one of the object's attributes, the result is the value of that attribute. For example, getattr(x, 'foobar') is equivalent to x.foobar. If the named attribute does not exist, default is returned if provided, otherwise AttributeError is raised.
根據屬性名稱返回對象值。如果“name”是對對象屬性的名稱,則返回對應屬性的值。
'# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-'__author__ = 'lucas'class attrtest(object): def __init__(self): pass def trygetattr0(self): self.name = 'lucas' print self.name #equals to self.name print getattr(self,'name') def attribute1(self,para1): print 'attribute1 called and '+ para1+' is passed in as a parameter' def trygetattr(self): fun = getattr(self,'attribute1') print type(fun) fun('crown')if __name__=='__main__': test = attrtest() print 'getattr(self,\'name\') equals to self.name ' test.trygetattr0() print 'attribute1 is indirectly called by fun()' test.trygetattr() print 'attrribute1 is directly called' test.attribute1('tomato')
這段代碼執行的結果是:
getattr(self,'name') equals to self.name lucaslucasattribute1 is indirectly called by fun()<type 'instancemethod'>attribute1 called and crown is passed in as a parameterattrribute1 is directly calledattribute1 called and tomato is passed in as a parameterProcess finished with exit code 0
第一個函數tryattribute0()非常好理解,就如同定義裡說的一樣。第二個函數tryattribute1()就有一點費解了。其實原理並不複雜,我們看到fun的type是 instancemethod,這裡你可以認為:對於函數,getattr()的傳回值是一個指標,指標賦值給接受它的變數,以後call這個變數就等於調用變數指向的函數。
原理我們知道了,那getattr的作用是什麼呢?
你熟悉java或者c#中的反射嗎?反射的一個重要作用就是消極式載入,這樣可以解耦,這樣可以讓系統啟動並執行更有效率。作為動態語言,python顯然在這方面要更加強大,
getattr()就是實現python反射的一塊積木,結合其它方法如setattr(),dir() 等,我們可以做出很多有趣的事情。
我們看以下情境:
1.我需要在一個類中動態添加其它類中有的方法:
#如果類A中有如下方法:def addnewattributesfromotherclass(self,class_name): func_names = dir(class_name) for func_name in func_names: if not func_name.startswith('_'): new_func = getattr(class_name,func_name) self.__setattr__(func_name,new_func())
我們只需要:
a = A()b = B()a.addnewattributesfromotherclass(b)
這樣a就可以調用B中的'非私人'方法啦。