iOS手勢識別的詳細使用(拖動,縮放,旋轉,點擊,手勢依賴,自訂手勢)

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上載者:User
1、UIGestureRecognizer介紹手勢識別在iOS上非常重要,手勢操作行動裝置的重要特徵,極大的增加了行動裝置使用便捷性。iOS系統在3.2以後,為方便開發這使用一些常用的手勢,提供了UIGestureRecognizer類。手勢識別UIGestureRecognizer類是個抽象類別,下面的子類是具體的手勢,開發這可以直接使用這些手勢識別。
  • UITapGestureRecognizer  
  • UIPinchGestureRecognizer
  • UIRotationGestureRecognizer
  • UISwipeGestureRecognizer
  • UIPanGestureRecognizer
  • UILongPressGestureRecognizer

上面的手勢對應的操作是: 

  • Tap(點一下)
  • Pinch(二指往內或往撥出動,平時經常用到的縮放)
  • Rotation(旋轉)
  • Swipe(滑動,快速移動)
  • Pan (拖移,慢速移動)
  •  LongPress(長按)
UIGestureRecognizer的繼承關係如下:  2、使用手勢的步驟使用手勢很簡單,分為兩步:
  1. 建立手勢執行個體。當建立手勢時,指定一個回調方法,當手勢開始,改變、或結束時,回調方法被調用。
  2. 添加到需要識別的View中。每個手勢只對應一個View,當螢幕觸摸在View的邊界內時,如果手勢和預定的一樣,那就會回調方法。
ps:一個手勢只能對應一個View,但是一個View可以有多個手勢。建議在真機上運行這些手勢,模擬器操作不太方便,可能導致你認為手勢失效。3、Pan 拖動手勢:
    UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];    snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);    UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                    initWithTarget:self                                                    action:@selector(handlePan:)];        [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];    [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];    [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];

建立一個ImageView,然後添加手勢

回調方法:
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer{    CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];    recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,                                   recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);    [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];    }
4、Pinch縮放手勢
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                        initWithTarget:self                                                        action:@selector(handlePinch:)];

[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];

- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer{    recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale);    recognizer.scale = 1;}
5、Rotation旋轉手勢
    UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                     initWithTarget:self                                                     action:@selector(handleRotate:)];    [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
 
- (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer{    recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation);    recognizer.rotation = 0;}
 

  添加了這幾個手勢後,運行看效果,程式中的imageView放了一個                    /^\/^\                  _|__|  O|         \/     /~     \_/ \          \____|__________/  \                 \_______      \                         `\     \                 \                           |     |                  \                          /      /                    \                         /     /                       \\                       /      /                         \ \                      /     /                            \  \                    /     /             _----_            \   \                   /     /           _-~      ~-_         |   |                  (      (        _-~    _--_    ~-_     _/   |                   \      ~-____-~    _-~    ~-_    ~-_-~    /                     ~-_           _-~          ~-_       _-~                          ~--______-~                ~-___-~的圖片,在模擬器上拖動是沒問題的。縮放和旋轉有點問題,估計是因為在模擬器上的類比的兩個接觸點距離在imageView的邊界外了,所以操作無效果。建議在真機上運行這個手勢。在模擬器上縮放和選擇的操作技巧:可以把imageView的frame值設定大一點,按住alt鍵,按下觸摸板(不按下不行),這樣就可以旋轉和縮放了。6、添加第二個ImagView並添加手勢記住:一個手勢只能添加到一個View,兩個View當然要有兩個手勢的執行個體了

- (void)viewDidLoad{    [super viewDidLoad];    UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]];    UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]];    snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160);    dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160);    [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];    [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView];        for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) {        UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                        initWithTarget:self                                                        action:@selector(handlePan:)];                UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                            initWithTarget:self                                                            action:@selector(handlePinch:)];                UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc]                                                         initWithTarget:self                                                         action:@selector(handleRotate:)];                [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer];        [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];        [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];        [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES];    }    [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]];     }

多添加了一條龍的view,兩個view都能接收上面的三種手勢。運行效果如下: 7、拖動(pan手勢)速度(以較快的速度拖放後view有滑行的效果)如何?呢?

  1. 監視手勢是否結束
  2. 監視觸摸的速度
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer{    CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view];    recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x,                                       recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y);    [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view];        if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) {                CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view];        CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y));        CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200;        NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult);                float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide        CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor),                                         recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor));        finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width);        finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height);                [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{            recognizer.view.center = finalPoint;        } completion:nil];            }   

代碼實現解析:

  1. 計算速度向量的長度(估計大部分都忘了)這些知識了。
  2. 如果速度向量小於200,那就會得到一個小於的小數,那麼滑行會很短
  3. 基於速度和速度因素計算一個終點
  4. 確保終點不會跑出父View的邊界
  5. 使用UIView動畫使view滑動到終點
運行後,快速拖動映像view放開會看到view還會在原來的方向滑行一段路。 8、同時觸發兩個view的手勢手勢之間是互斥的,如果你想同時觸發蛇和龍的view,那麼需要實現協議

UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,

 

@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>@end

並在協議這個方法裡返回YES。

-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer{    return YES;}

把self作為代理設定給手勢:

 

 

        panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;        pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self;        rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;

這樣可以同時拖動或旋轉縮放兩個view了。

 

9、tap點選手勢

這裡為了方便看到tap的效果,當點擊一下螢幕時,播放一個聲音。

為了播放聲音,我們加入AVFoundation.framework這個架構。

 

- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename {    NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"];    NSError * error;    AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error];    if (!player) {        NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription);    } else {        [player prepareToPlay];    }    return player;}

我會在最後例子代碼給出完整代碼,添加手勢的步驟和前面一樣的。

 

 

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;@end

 

 

- (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer {    [self.chompPlayer play];}

 

運行,點一下某個圖,就會播放一個咬東西的聲音。

不過這個點擊播放聲音有點缺陷,就是在慢慢拖動的時候也會播放。這使得兩個手勢重合了。怎麼解決呢?使用手勢的:requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。

 

10、手勢的依賴性

 

在viewDidLoad的迴圈裡添加這段代碼:

 

        [tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];

意思就是,當如果pan手勢失敗,就是沒發生拖動,才會出發tap手勢。這樣如果你有輕微的拖動,那就是pan手勢發生了。tap的聲音就不會發出來了。

 

 

11、自訂手勢

自訂手勢繼承:UIGestureRecognizer,實現下面的方法:

 

– touchesBegan:withEvent:– touchesMoved:withEvent:– touchesEnded:withEvent:- touchesCancelled:withEvent:

 

建立一個類,繼承UIGestureRecognizer,代碼如下:

.h檔案

 

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>typedef enum {    DirectionUnknown = 0,    DirectionLeft,    DirectionRight} Direction;@interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer@property (assign) int tickleCount;@property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;@property (assign) Direction lastDirection;@end

.m檔案

 

#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>#define REQUIRED_TICKLES        2#define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE     25@implementation HappyGestureRecognizer- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {    UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];    self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];}- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {        // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart    UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject];    CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view];    CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x;    Direction curDirection;    if (moveAmt < 0) {        curDirection = DirectionLeft;    } else {        curDirection = DirectionRight;    }    if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return;        // 確認方向改變了    if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown ||        (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) ||        (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) {                // 撓癢次數        self.tickleCount++;        self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint;        self.lastDirection = curDirection;                // 一旦撓癢次數超過指定數,設定手勢為結束狀態        // 這樣回呼函數會被調用。        if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) {            [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded];        }    }    }- (void)reset {    self.tickleCount = 0;    self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero;    self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown;    if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) {        [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed];    }}- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{    [self reset];}- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{    [self reset];}@end

調用自訂手勢和上面一樣,回到這樣寫:

 

- (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{    [self.hehePlayer play];}

手勢成功後播放呵呵笑的聲音。
在真機上運行,按住某個view,快速左右拖動,就會發出笑的聲音了。

 

代碼解析:先擷取起始座標:curTickleStart通過和ticklePoint的x值對比,得出當前的放下是向左還是向右。再算出移動的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距離大,如果太則返回。再判斷是否有三次是不同方向的動作,如果是則手勢結束,回調。 參考:http://www.raywenderlich.com/6567/uigesturerecognizer-tutorial-in-ios-5-pinches-pans-and-more例子代碼:http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059
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