1、UIGestureRecognizer介紹手勢識別在iOS上非常重要,手勢操作行動裝置的重要特徵,極大的增加了行動裝置使用便捷性。iOS系統在3.2以後,為方便開發這使用一些常用的手勢,提供了UIGestureRecognizer類。手勢識別UIGestureRecognizer類是個抽象類別,下面的子類是具體的手勢,開發這可以直接使用這些手勢識別。
- UITapGestureRecognizer
- UIPinchGestureRecognizer
- UIRotationGestureRecognizer
- UISwipeGestureRecognizer
- UIPanGestureRecognizer
- UILongPressGestureRecognizer
上面的手勢對應的操作是:
- Tap(點一下)
- Pinch(二指往內或往撥出動,平時經常用到的縮放)
- Rotation(旋轉)
- Swipe(滑動,快速移動)
- Pan (拖移,慢速移動)
- LongPress(長按)
UIGestureRecognizer的繼承關係如下: 2、使用手勢的步驟使用手勢很簡單,分為兩步:
- 建立手勢執行個體。當建立手勢時,指定一個回調方法,當手勢開始,改變、或結束時,回調方法被調用。
- 添加到需要識別的View中。每個手勢只對應一個View,當螢幕觸摸在View的邊界內時,如果手勢和預定的一樣,那就會回調方法。
ps:一個手勢只能對應一個View,但是一個View可以有多個手勢。建議在真機上運行這些手勢,模擬器操作不太方便,可能導致你認為手勢失效。3、Pan 拖動手勢:
UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]]; snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePan:)]; [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer]; [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]]; [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView];
建立一個ImageView,然後添加手勢
回調方法:
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer{ CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view]; recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y); [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; }
4、Pinch縮放手勢
UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePinch:)];
[snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer];
- (void) handlePinch:(UIPinchGestureRecognizer*) recognizer{ recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformScale(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.scale, recognizer.scale); recognizer.scale = 1;}
5、Rotation旋轉手勢
UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; [snakeImageView addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer];
- (void) handleRotate:(UIRotationGestureRecognizer*) recognizer{ recognizer.view.transform = CGAffineTransformRotate(recognizer.view.transform, recognizer.rotation); recognizer.rotation = 0;}
添加了這幾個手勢後,運行看效果,程式中的imageView放了一個 /^\/^\ _|__| O| \/ /~ \_/ \ \____|__________/ \ \_______ \ `\ \ \ | | \ / / \ / / \\ / / \ \ / / \ \ / / _----_ \ \ / / _-~ ~-_ | | ( ( _-~ _--_ ~-_ _/ | \ ~-____-~ _-~ ~-_ ~-_-~ / ~-_ _-~ ~-_ _-~ ~--______-~ ~-___-~的圖片,在模擬器上拖動是沒問題的。縮放和旋轉有點問題,估計是因為在模擬器上的類比的兩個接觸點距離在imageView的邊界外了,所以操作無效果。建議在真機上運行這個手勢。在模擬器上縮放和選擇的操作技巧:可以把imageView的frame值設定大一點,按住alt鍵,按下觸摸板(不按下不行),這樣就可以旋轉和縮放了。6、添加第二個ImagView並添加手勢記住:一個手勢只能添加到一個View,兩個View當然要有兩個手勢的執行個體了
- (void)viewDidLoad{ [super viewDidLoad]; UIImageView *snakeImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"snake.png"]]; UIImageView *dragonImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] initWithImage:[UIImage imageNamed:@"dragon.png"]]; snakeImageView.frame = CGRectMake(120, 120, 100, 160); dragonImageView.frame = CGRectMake(50, 50, 100, 160); [self.view addSubview:snakeImageView]; [self.view addSubview:dragonImageView]; for (UIView *view in self.view.subviews) { UIPanGestureRecognizer *panGestureRecognizer = [[UIPanGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePan:)]; UIPinchGestureRecognizer *pinchGestureRecognizer = [[UIPinchGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handlePinch:)]; UIRotationGestureRecognizer *rotateRecognizer = [[UIRotationGestureRecognizer alloc] initWithTarget:self action:@selector(handleRotate:)]; [view addGestureRecognizer:panGestureRecognizer]; [view addGestureRecognizer:pinchGestureRecognizer]; [view addGestureRecognizer:rotateRecognizer]; [view setUserInteractionEnabled:YES]; } [self.view setBackgroundColor:[UIColor whiteColor]]; }
多添加了一條龍的view,兩個view都能接收上面的三種手勢。運行效果如下: 7、拖動(pan手勢)速度(以較快的速度拖放後view有滑行的效果)如何?呢?
- 監視手勢是否結束
- 監視觸摸的速度
- (void) handlePan:(UIPanGestureRecognizer*) recognizer{ CGPoint translation = [recognizer translationInView:self.view]; recognizer.view.center = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + translation.x, recognizer.view.center.y + translation.y); [recognizer setTranslation:CGPointZero inView:self.view]; if (recognizer.state == UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded) { CGPoint velocity = [recognizer velocityInView:self.view]; CGFloat magnitude = sqrtf((velocity.x * velocity.x) + (velocity.y * velocity.y)); CGFloat slideMult = magnitude / 200; NSLog(@"magnitude: %f, slideMult: %f", magnitude, slideMult); float slideFactor = 0.1 * slideMult; // Increase for more of a slide CGPoint finalPoint = CGPointMake(recognizer.view.center.x + (velocity.x * slideFactor), recognizer.view.center.y + (velocity.y * slideFactor)); finalPoint.x = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.x, 0), self.view.bounds.size.width); finalPoint.y = MIN(MAX(finalPoint.y, 0), self.view.bounds.size.height); [UIView animateWithDuration:slideFactor*2 delay:0 options:UIViewAnimationOptionCurveEaseOut animations:^{ recognizer.view.center = finalPoint; } completion:nil]; }
代碼實現解析:
- 計算速度向量的長度(估計大部分都忘了)這些知識了。
- 如果速度向量小於200,那就會得到一個小於的小數,那麼滑行會很短
- 基於速度和速度因素計算一個終點
- 確保終點不會跑出父View的邊界
- 使用UIView動畫使view滑動到終點
運行後,快速拖動映像view放開會看到view還會在原來的方向滑行一段路。 8、同時觸發兩個view的手勢手勢之間是互斥的,如果你想同時觸發蛇和龍的view,那麼需要實現協議
UIGestureRecognizerDelegate,
@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>@end
並在協議這個方法裡返回YES。
-(BOOL)gestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)gestureRecognizer shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer:(UIGestureRecognizer *)otherGestureRecognizer{ return YES;}
把self作為代理設定給手勢:
panGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; pinchGestureRecognizer.delegate = self; rotateRecognizer.delegate = self;
這樣可以同時拖動或旋轉縮放兩個view了。
9、tap點選手勢
這裡為了方便看到tap的效果,當點擊一下螢幕時,播放一個聲音。
為了播放聲音,我們加入AVFoundation.framework這個架構。
- (AVAudioPlayer *)loadWav:(NSString *)filename { NSURL * url = [[NSBundle mainBundle] URLForResource:filename withExtension:@"wav"]; NSError * error; AVAudioPlayer * player = [[AVAudioPlayer alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url error:&error]; if (!player) { NSLog(@"Error loading %@: %@", url, error.localizedDescription); } else { [player prepareToPlay]; } return player;}
我會在最後例子代碼給出完整代碼,添加手勢的步驟和前面一樣的。
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>#import <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIGestureRecognizerDelegate>@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * chompPlayer;@property (strong) AVAudioPlayer * hehePlayer;@end
- (void)handleTap:(UITapGestureRecognizer *)recognizer { [self.chompPlayer play];}
運行,點一下某個圖,就會播放一個咬東西的聲音。
不過這個點擊播放聲音有點缺陷,就是在慢慢拖動的時候也會播放。這使得兩個手勢重合了。怎麼解決呢?使用手勢的:requireGestureRecognizerToFail方法。
10、手勢的依賴性
在viewDidLoad的迴圈裡添加這段代碼:
[tapRecognizer requireGestureRecognizerToFail:panGestureRecognizer];
意思就是,當如果pan手勢失敗,就是沒發生拖動,才會出發tap手勢。這樣如果你有輕微的拖動,那就是pan手勢發生了。tap的聲音就不會發出來了。
11、自訂手勢
自訂手勢繼承:UIGestureRecognizer,實現下面的方法:
– touchesBegan:withEvent:– touchesMoved:withEvent:– touchesEnded:withEvent:- touchesCancelled:withEvent:
建立一個類,繼承UIGestureRecognizer,代碼如下:
.h檔案
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>typedef enum { DirectionUnknown = 0, DirectionLeft, DirectionRight} Direction;@interface HappyGestureRecognizer : UIGestureRecognizer@property (assign) int tickleCount;@property (assign) CGPoint curTickleStart;@property (assign) Direction lastDirection;@end
.m檔案
#import "HappyGestureRecognizer.h"#import <UIKit/UIGestureRecognizerSubclass.h>#define REQUIRED_TICKLES 2#define MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE 25@implementation HappyGestureRecognizer- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject]; self.curTickleStart = [touch locationInView:self.view];}- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event { // Make sure we've moved a minimum amount since curTickleStart UITouch * touch = [touches anyObject]; CGPoint ticklePoint = [touch locationInView:self.view]; CGFloat moveAmt = ticklePoint.x - self.curTickleStart.x; Direction curDirection; if (moveAmt < 0) { curDirection = DirectionLeft; } else { curDirection = DirectionRight; } if (ABS(moveAmt) < MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE) return; // 確認方向改變了 if (self.lastDirection == DirectionUnknown || (self.lastDirection == DirectionLeft && curDirection == DirectionRight) || (self.lastDirection == DirectionRight && curDirection == DirectionLeft)) { // 撓癢次數 self.tickleCount++; self.curTickleStart = ticklePoint; self.lastDirection = curDirection; // 一旦撓癢次數超過指定數,設定手勢為結束狀態 // 這樣回呼函數會被調用。 if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible && self.tickleCount > REQUIRED_TICKLES) { [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateEnded]; } } }- (void)reset { self.tickleCount = 0; self.curTickleStart = CGPointZero; self.lastDirection = DirectionUnknown; if (self.state == UIGestureRecognizerStatePossible) { [self setState:UIGestureRecognizerStateFailed]; }}- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{ [self reset];}- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{ [self reset];}@end
調用自訂手勢和上面一樣,回到這樣寫:
- (void)handleHappy:(HappyGestureRecognizer *)recognizer{ [self.hehePlayer play];}
手勢成功後播放呵呵笑的聲音。
在真機上運行,按住某個view,快速左右拖動,就會發出笑的聲音了。
代碼解析:先擷取起始座標:curTickleStart通過和ticklePoint的x值對比,得出當前的放下是向左還是向右。再算出移動的x的值是否比MOVE_AMT_PER_TICKLE距離大,如果太則返回。再判斷是否有三次是不同方向的動作,如果是則手勢結束,回調。 參考:http://www.raywenderlich.com/6567/uigesturerecognizer-tutorial-in-ios-5-pinches-pans-and-more例子代碼:http://download.csdn.net/detail/totogo2010/5094059