Golang包管理工具（一）之govendor的使用

本文個人部落格地址為：http://www.huweihuang.com/article/golang/govendor-usage/
本文個人部落格地址為：https://huweihuang.net/article/golang/govendor-usage/

更多golang包管理工具參考
- dep的使用
- glide的使用
- govendor的使用

1. govendor簡介

golang工程的依賴包經常使用go get命令來擷取，例如：go get github.com/kardianos/govendor ，會將依賴包下載到GOPATH的路徑下。

常用的依賴包管理工具有godep，govendor等，在Golang1.5之後，Go提供了 GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT 環境變數(Go 1.6版本預設開啟該環境變數)，用於將go build時的應用路徑搜尋調整成為 當前項目目錄/vendor 目錄方式。通過這種形式，我們可以實作類別似於 godep 方式的項目依賴管理。

2. 安裝與使用

2.1. 安裝

go get -u -v github.com/kardianos/govendor

2.2. 使用

#進入到項目目錄cd /home/gopath/src/mytool#初始化vendor目錄govendor init#查看vendor目錄[root@CC54425A mytool]# lscommands  main.go  vendor  mytool_test.sh#將GOPATH中本工程使用到的依賴包自動移動到vendor目錄中#說明：如果本地GOPATH沒有依賴包，先go get相應的依賴包govendor add +external或使用縮寫： govendor add +e #Go 1.6以上版本預設開啟 GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT 環境變數，可忽略該步驟。#通過設定環境變數 GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1 使用vendor檔案夾構建檔案。#可以選擇 export GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1 或 GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1 go build 執行編譯export GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1

2.3. 說明

govendor只是用來管理項目的依賴包，如果GOPATH中本身沒有項目的依賴包，則需要通過go get先下載到GOPATH中，再通過govendor add +external拷貝到vendor目錄中。Go 1.6以上版本預設開啟GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT環境變數。

3. govendor使用命令

[root@CC54425A mytool]# govendorgovendor (v1.0.8): record dependencies and copy into vendor folder    -govendor-licenses    Show govendor's licenses.    -version              Show govendor version    -cpuprofile 'file'    Writes a CPU profile to 'file' for debugging.    -memprofile 'file'    Writes a heap profile to 'file' for debugging.Sub-Commands    init     Create the "vendor" folder and the "vendor.json" file.    list     List and filter existing dependencies and packages.    add      Add packages from $GOPATH.    update   Update packages from $GOPATH.    remove   Remove packages from the vendor folder.    status   Lists any packages missing, out-of-date, or modified locally.    fetch    Add new or update vendor folder packages from remote repository.    sync     Pull packages into vendor folder from remote repository with revisions                 from vendor.json file.    migrate  Move packages from a legacy tool to the vendor folder with metadata.    get      Like "go get" but copies dependencies into a "vendor" folder.    license  List discovered licenses for the given status or import paths.    shell    Run a "shell" to make multiple sub-commands more efficient for large                 projects.    go tool commands that are wrapped:      "+status" package selection may be used with them    fmt, build, install, clean, test, vet, generate, toolStatus Types    +local    (l) packages in your project    +external (e) referenced packages in GOPATH but not in current project    +vendor   (v) packages in the vendor folder    +std      (s) packages in the standard library    +excluded (x) external packages explicitly excluded from vendoring    +unused   (u) packages in the vendor folder, but unused    +missing  (m) referenced packages but not found    +program  (p) package is a main package    +outside  +external +missing    +all      +all packages    Status can be referenced by their initial letters.Package specifier    <path>[::<origin>][{/...|/^}][@[<version-spec>]]Ignoring files with build tags, or excluding packages from being vendored:    The "vendor.json" file contains a string field named "ignore".    It may contain a space separated list of build tags to ignore when    listing and copying files.    This list may also contain package prefixes (containing a "/", possibly    as last character) to exclude when copying files in the vendor folder.    If "foo/" appears in this field, then package "foo" and all its sub-packages    ("foo/bar", …) will be excluded (but package "bar/foo" will not).    By default the init command adds the "test" tag to the ignore list.If using go1.5, ensure GO15VENDOREXPERIMENT=1 is set.

4. vendor.json

govendor設定檔，記錄依賴包列表。

{    "comment": "",    "ignore": "test",    "package": [        {            "checksumSHA1": "uGalSICR4r7354vvKuNnh7Y/R/4=",            "path": "github.com/urfave/cli",            "revision": "b99aa811b4c1dd84cc6bccb8499c82c72098085a",            "revisionTime": "2017-08-04T09:34:15Z"        }    ],    "rootPath": "mytool"}