SQL Server(MySQL)中的聯合主鍵(聯合索引) 索引分析
最近有人問到這個問題,之前也一直沒有深究聯合索引具體使用邏輯,查閱多篇文章,並經過測試,得出一些結論
測試環境:SQL Server 2008 R2
測試結果與MySql聯合索引查詢機制類似,可以認為MySQL是一樣的原理
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聯合索引概念:當系統中某幾個欄位經常要做查詢,並且資料量較大,達到百萬層級,可多個欄位建成索引
使用規則:
1.最 左 原則,根據索引欄位,由左往右依次and(where欄位很重要,從左往右)
2.Or 不會使用聯合索引
3.where語句中查詢欄位包含全部索引欄位,欄位順序無關,可隨意先後
4.資料量較少時,一般不會使用索引,資料庫本身機制會自動判斷是否使用索引
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測試指令碼(部分借鑒其他作者的指令碼):
/*建立測試資料表*/create table MyTestTable(id varchar(10)not null,parent varchar(40) not null,addtime datetime default(getdate()),intcolumn int default(10),bitcolumn bit default(1))go/*添加萬條隨機字串測試資料耗時分鐘*/declare @count int=3557643declare @i int =0declare @id varchar(10),@parent varchar(40)while(@i<@count)beginselect @id=left(newid(),10)if(@i % 20=0)beginselect @parent=left(newid(),40)endinsert MyTestTable(id,parent) values(@id,@parent)select @i=@i+1endgo
/×未建索引查詢測試×/
declare @beginTime datetime =getdate()declare @elapsedSecond int =0select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and id='FD3687F4-1'select @elapsedSecond=DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND,@beginTime,GETDATE())print '未建立索引時尋找資料消耗微秒數'print @elapsedSecondselect @beginTime=GETDATE()select * from MyTestTable where parent='F535C18F-BD48-4D45-88DF-9653BB9B422D'select @elapsedSecond=DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND,@beginTime,GETDATE())print '未建立索引時尋找第二列資料消耗微秒數'print @elapsedSecond
/*建立索引*/alter table MyTestTable add constraint PK_id_parent primary key(id asc,parent asc)/*建立索引後的查詢*/declare @beginTime datetime =getdate()declare @elapsedSecond int =0select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and id='FD3687F4-1'select @elapsedSecond=DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND,@beginTime,GETDATE())print '建立索引時尋找資料消耗微秒數'print @elapsedSecond select @beginTime=GETDATE()select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4'select @elapsedSecond=DATEDIFF(MICROSECOND,@beginTime,GETDATE())print '建立索引後尋找第二列資料消耗微秒數'print @elapsedSecond
/*索引使用測試結論*/select * from MyTestTable where id='FD3687F4-1' --用索引select * from MyTestTable where id='FD3687F4-1' and parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and intcolumn>0 --用索引select * from MyTestTable where id='FD3687F4-1' and intcolumn>0 and parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' --用索引select * from MyTestTable where id='FD3687F4-1' and intcolumn>0 --用索引select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and id='FD3687F4-1' --用索引select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' and intcolumn>0 --不用索引select * from MyTestTable where parent='F92D6A9D-4E9E-4980-8B46-8AD938CEDCB4' or id='FD3687F4-1' --不用索引
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