【MongoDB】2、安裝MongoDB 2.6.1 on Unbuntu 14.04(學習流水賬)

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http://blog.csdn.net/stationxp/article/details/26077439

 

計劃:
裝一個虛機，ubuntu吧，14.04 Trusty Tahr。
安裝MongoDB

網路資源：
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-releases/14.04/ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso.torrent（公網）
http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-releases/14.04/ubuntu-14.04-server-amd64.iso.torrent（教育網）
http://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-2.6.1.tgz

虛擬機器：
處理器數量1：核心數：1（多核對MongoDB協助不大）；MM 1G（RAM瓶頸應該會出現）；HD 20G。 
安裝Unbuntu，使用者名稱：gd，密碼：cgdc。
TO小超超，伺服器在1.4.3x，一起玩兒吧。

安裝指導：

http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/tutorial/install-mongodb-on-ubuntu/

由於Ubuntu官方APT源裡的MongoDB版本比較舊，這裡用MongoDB提供的APT源進行安裝。
要使用第三方源上的軟體，除了在sources.list上添加對應的源外，還要有增加相應的公開金鑰Key才能正確安裝軟體。
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv 7F0CEB10
echo ‘deb http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org/repo/ubuntu-upstart dist 10gen‘ | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb.list
sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install mongodb-org
報錯：unable to locate package
sudo apt-get install mongodb就可以，可能版本會老一點，無所謂吧。
要更新的包包括：libboost、libc、libgcc、mongodb、mongodb-clients、mongodb-dev、mongodb-server。
一共38個，下載41.5M，90多K，速度還好，可以先去看會兒書了。
下載到一半，斷了。
F！
棄用apt。
sudo apt-get install openssh-server
這個很快。
用“netstat -tlp”或“ps -e | grep ssh”確認sshd啟動。
http://www.cnblogs.com/chen1987lei/archive/2010/12/02/1894768.html
解壓後得到一堆二進位可執行檔，除了bsondump其他都是mongo打頭的。拷貝到 /usr/bin 下面。
chmod a+x 
到此，裝好。

/*
如果安裝特定版本：
apt-get install mongodb-org=2.6.1 mongodb-org-server=2.6.1 mongodb-org-shell=2.6.1 mongodb-org-mongos=2.6.1 mongodb-org-tools=2.6.1
禁用自動升級：
echo "mongodb-org hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-server hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-shell hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-mongos hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections
echo "mongodb-org-tools hold" | sudo dpkg --set-selections

運行：
sudo /etc/init.d/mongod start
sudo /etc/init.d/mongod stop
sudo /etc/init.d/mongod restart
*/

啟動，報錯，說dbpath不存在，需要手動建立目錄。
建立了 /data/mongodb1 目錄。
啟動的時候加--dbpath。

啟動沒有報錯，但忘了 --fork方式啟動了。
還好，可以ssh連。

報錯：sda1:WRITE SAME faild.Manually zeroing.沒有修改配置，後來沒見過這個問題了。為什麼呢？
資料目錄沒開寫入權限？sudo啟動伺服器都不行？

kill  [pid]
use admin
db.shutdownServer()

啟動config：
啟動選項很多，每次在命令列敲麻煩死了，寫在config檔案裡吧。
選項包括：
--port
--fork(以守護進程方式執行)
--logpath
--config
設定檔寫法：
port = 110271
fork = true
logpath = mongodb.log

無論如何，進入Shell了。
敲help，先爽一下吧。

[java] view plaincopy

1. > help  

        db.help()                    help on db methods
        db.mycoll.help()             help on collection methods
        sh.help()                    sharding helpers
        rs.help()                    replica set helpers
        help admin                   administrative help
        help connect                 connecting to a db help
        help keys                    key shortcuts
        help misc                    misc things to know
        help mr                      mapreduce


        show dbs                     show database names
        show collections             show collections in current database
        show users                   show users in current database
        show profile                 show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms
        show logs                    show the accessible logger names
        show log [name]              prints out the last segment of log in memory, ‘global‘ is default
        use <db_name>                set current database
        db.foo.find()                list objects in collection foo
        db.foo.find( { a : 1 } )     list objects in foo where a == 1
        it                           result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate
        DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x   set default number of items to display on shell
        exit                         quit the mongo shell


如果是方法，敲上括弧是調用，不敲括弧，輸出方法原型。


用戶端Shell：
運行./mongo既可以啟動Shell對mongodb進行管理。
Shell使用Javascipt文法，可以對資料進行管理，可以對資料庫進行管理。
官網版本：http://try.mongodb.org/。 可以上手玩玩。
很簡單，沒什麼可說的。




建立個資料庫吧：
> 
> use cgdc
switched to db cgdc
> show collections
> show dbs
admin  (empty)
cgdc   (empty)
local  0.078GB
> db.users.help()
DBCollection help
        db.users.find().help() - show DBCursor help
        db.users.count()
        db.users.copyTo(newColl) - duplicates collection by copying all documents to newColl; no indexes are copied.
        db.users.convertToCapped(maxBytes) - calls {convertToCapped:‘users‘, size:maxBytes}} command
        db.users.dataSize()
        db.users.distinct( key ) - e.g. db.users.distinct( ‘x‘ )
        db.users.drop() drop the collection
        db.users.dropIndex(index) - e.g. db.users.dropIndex( "indexName" ) or db.users.dropIndex( { "indexKey" : 1 } )
        db.users.dropIndexes()
        db.users.ensureIndex(keypattern[,options]) - options is an object with these possible fields: name, unique, dropDups
        db.users.reIndex()
        db.users.find([query],[fields]) - query is an optional query filter. fields is optional set of fields to return.
                                                      e.g. db.users.find( {x:77} , {name:1, x:1} )
        db.users.find(...).count()
        db.users.find(...).limit(n)
        db.users.find(...).skip(n)
        db.users.find(...).sort(...)
        db.users.findOne([query])
        db.users.findAndModify( { update : ... , remove : bool [, query: {}, sort: {}, ‘new‘: false] } )
        db.users.getDB() get DB object associated with collection
        db.users.getPlanCache() get query plan cache associated with collection
        db.users.getIndexes()
        db.users.group( { key : ..., initial: ..., reduce : ...[, cond: ...] } )
        db.users.insert(obj)
        db.users.mapReduce( mapFunction , reduceFunction , <optional params> )
        db.users.aggregate( [pipeline], <optional params> ) - performs an aggregation on a collection; returns a cursor
        db.users.remove(query)
        db.users.renameCollection( newName , <dropTarget> ) renames the collection.
        db.users.runCommand( name , <options> ) runs a db command with the given name where the first param is the collection name
        db.users.save(obj)
        db.users.stats()
        db.users.storageSize() - includes free space allocated to this collection
        db.users.totalIndexSize() - size in bytes of all the indexes
        db.users.totalSize() - storage allocated for all data and indexes
        db.users.update(query, object[, upsert_bool, multi_bool]) - instead of two flags, you can pass an object with fields: upsert, multi
        db.users.validate( <full> ) - SLOW
        db.users.getShardVersion() - only for use with sharding
        db.users.getShardDistribution() - prints statistics about data distribution in the cluster
        db.users.getSplitKeysForChunks( <maxChunkSize> ) - calculates split points over all chunks and returns splitter function
        db.users.getWriteConcern() - returns the write concern used for any operations on this collection, inherited from server/db if set
        db.users.setWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - sets the write concern for writes to the collection
        db.users.unsetWriteConcern( <write concern doc> ) - unsets the write concern for writes to the collection


> db.users.save({name:"liuhailong",hometown:"Hebei"});
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show dbs;
admin  (empty)
cgdc   0.078GB
local  0.078GB
> db.cgdc.users.find()
> ;
> cgdc.users.find()
2014-05-17T03:14:37.528-0700 ReferenceError: cgdc is not defined
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5377366b70e0a3f0e2e28f91"), "name" : "liuhailong", "hometown" : "Hebei" }
> 


HOHO 

安全和許可權：
use [databasename]
db.addUser(username,pwd,isReadOnly);


> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.addUser("gd","cgdc");
WARNING: The ‘addUser‘ shell helper is DEPRECATED. Please use ‘createUser‘ instead
Successfully added user: { "user" : "gd", "roles" : [ "root" ] }
> use cgdc
switched to db cgdc
> db.createUser("cgdc","cgdc");
2014-05-17T03:17:58.058-0700 Error: couldn‘t add user: no such cmd: 0 at src/mongo/shell/db.js:1004
> db.addUser("cgdc","cgdc");
WARNING: The ‘addUser‘ shell helper is DEPRECATED. Please use ‘createUser‘ instead
Successfully added user: { "user" : "cgdc", "roles" : [ "dbOwner" ] }
> db.createUser().help()
2014-05-17T03:19:16.032-0700 TypeError: Cannot read property ‘user‘ of undefined at src/mongo/shell/db.js:979
> db.createUser
function (userObj, writeConcern) {
    var commandExisted = this._createUser(userObj, writeConcern);
    if (!commandExisted) {
        throw Error("‘createUser‘ command not found.  This is most likely because you are " +
                    "talking to an old (pre v2.6) MongoDB server");
    }
}
> db.addUser("cgdc_readonly","cgdc",true);
WARNING: The ‘addUser‘ shell helper is DEPRECATED. Please use ‘createUser‘ instead
Successfully added user: { "user" : "cgdc_readonly", "roles" : [ "read" ] }
> 

--fork 運行，一定要指定logpath --

啟動伺服器時，加 --auth 選項。


[email protected]:~$ sudo /usr/bin/mongo 
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1
connecting to: test
Error while trying to show server startup warnings: not authorized on admin to execute command { getLog: "startupWarnings" }
> show dbs
2014-05-17T03:24:14.308-0700 listDatabases failed:{
        "ok" : 0,
        "errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }",
        "code" : 13
} at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47
> 

登入操作：
db.auth(username,pwd)


登入不成功，去掉--auth選項重新連。
> db.system.users.find()
{ "_id" : "admin.gd", "user" : "gd", "db" : "admin", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "d41a08d27097c5b67823dfdd85e9494d" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ] }
{ "_id" : "cgdc.cgdc", "user" : "cgdc", "db" : "cgdc", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "714ab4fd93e3012475de54246a444516" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbOwner", "db" : "cgdc" } ] }
{ "_id" : "cgdc.cgdc_readonly", "user" : "cgdc_readonly", "db" : "cgdc", "credentials" : { "MONGODB-CR" : "c1a9ebbe08d3d0a27a33bd0435ee86f1" }, "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "cgdc" } ] }
> 
刪掉重來：
> db.system.users.remove();
2014-05-17T03:33:45.736-0700 remove needs a query at src/mongo/shell/collection.js:299
> db.system.users.remove({});
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 3 })
> db.system.users.find();
> 

刪除使用者：
db.system.users.remove({"user":username});

這次文法是這樣:
use admin
db.createUser( {
user: "admin",
pwd: "cgdc",
roles: [ { 
role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", 
db: "admin" 
} ]
}
);
db.createUser( {
user: "root",
pwd: "cgdc",
roles: [ { role: "root", db: "admin" } ]
}
);
use cgdc
db.createUser({
user: "cgdc",
pwd: "cgdc",
roles:[{
role: "dbOwner",
db: "cgdc"
}]
}
);

真難用！！
試試看

[email protected]:~$ sudo /usr/bin/mongo -u admin -p
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1
Enter password: 
connecting to: test
2014-05-17T03:43:55.825-0700 Error: 18 { ok: 0.0, errmsg: "auth failed", code: 18 } at src/mongo/shell/db.js:1210
exception: login failed
[email protected]:~$ sudo /usr/bin/mongo -u cgdc -p
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1
Enter password: 
connecting to: test
2014-05-17T03:44:10.909-0700 Error: 18 { ok: 0.0, errmsg: "auth failed", code: 18 } at src/mongo/shell/db.js:1210
exception: login failed
[email protected]:~$ sudo /usr/bin/mongo
MongoDB shell version: 2.6.1
connecting to: test
Error while trying to show server startup warnings: not authorized on admin to execute command { getLog: "startupWarnings" }
> db.auth("cgdc","cgdc");
Error: 18 { ok: 0.0, errmsg: "auth failed", code: 18 }
0
> 

還是不行。
看看日誌。

暈死，日誌裡說，test資料庫不是你想連，想連就能練。 當然啊，沒有給test加使用者。

連cgdc庫

> use cgdc
switched to db cgdc
> db.auth("cgdc","cgdc");
1
> 

遇到問題多看日誌！！！




其他安全考慮：
--bindip localhost
--noscripting (禁止伺服器端JavaScript執行)
--nohttpinterface
傳輸加密（SSH隧道）


先到這裡吧。

【MongoDB】2、安裝MongoDB 2.6.1 on Unbuntu 14.04(學習流水賬)