MySQL備份工具之mysqlhotcopy

MySQL備份工具之mysqlhotcopy

mysqlhotcopy使用lock tables、flush tables和cp或scp來快速備份資料庫.它是備份資料庫或單個表最快的途徑,完全屬於物理備份,但只能用於備份MyISAM儲存引擎和運行在資料庫目錄所在的機器上.與mysqldump備份不同,mysqldump屬於邏輯備份,備份時是執行的sql語句.使用mysqlhotcopy命令前需要要安裝相應的軟體依賴包.

1.安裝mysqlhotcopy所依賴的軟體包(perl-DBD,DBD-mysql)

[root@tong2 ~]# yum install perl-DBD* -y

[root@tong2 ~]# wget https://cpan.metacpan.org/authors/id/C/CA/CAPTTOFU/DBD-mysql-4.029.tar.gz

[root@tong2 ~]# tar xvf DBD-mysql-4.029.tar.gz

[root@tong2 ~]# cd DBD-mysql-4.029
[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# perl Makefile.PL

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# make

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# make install

[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# echo $?
0
[root@tong2 DBD-mysql-4.029]# cd
[root@tong2 ~]#

 

2.查看mysqlhotcopy的協助資訊

[root@tong2 ~]# vim /usr/my.cnf    --在設定檔中添加如下參數

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout
host=localhost
user=root
password=system
port=3306

[root@tong2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql restart      --重啟服務
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy  --help
Warning: /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.

/usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy Ver 1.23

Usage: /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy db_name[./table_regex/] [new_db_name | directory]

  -?, --help          display this help-screen and exit
  -u, --user=#        user for database login if not current user
  -p, --password=#    password to use when connecting to server (if not set
                      in my.cnf, which is recommended)
  -h, --host=#        hostname for local server when connecting over TCP/IP
  -P, --port=#        port to use when connecting to local server with TCP/IP
  -S, --socket=#      socket to use when connecting to local server
      --old_server    connect to old MySQL-server (before v5.5) which
                      doesn't have FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK fully implemented.

  --allowold          don't abort if target dir already exists (rename it _old)    --不覆蓋以前備份的檔案
  --addtodest          don't rename target dir if it exists, just add files to it      --屬於增量備份
  --keepold            don't delete previous (now renamed) target when done
  --noindices          don't include full index files in copy          --不備份索引檔案
  --method=#          method for copy (only "cp" currently supported)

  -q, --quiet          be silent except for errors
  --debug              enable debug                                          --啟用調試輸出
  -n, --dryrun        report actions without doing them

  --regexp=#          copy all databases with names matching regexp  --使用正規運算式
  --suffix=#          suffix for names of copied databases
  --checkpoint=#      insert checkpoint entry into specified db.table    --插入檢查點條目
  --flushlog          flush logs once all tables are locked                    --所有表鎖定後重新整理日誌
  --resetmaster        reset the binlog once all tables are locked        --一旦鎖表重設binlog檔案
  --resetslave        reset the master.info once all tables are locked  --一旦鎖表重設master.info檔案 

  --tmpdir=#        temporary directory (instead of /tmp)
  --record_log_pos=#  record slave and master status in specified db.table
  --chroot=#          base directory of chroot jail in which mysqld operates

  Try 'perldoc /usr/bin/mysqlhotcopy' for more complete documentation
[root@tong2 ~]#

 

3.備份一個資料庫到一個目錄中

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system tong /opt/

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/tong/
total 112
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    15 Jan  5 14:35 q.isl
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  8554 Jan  4 18:03 t.frm
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jan  4 18:03 t.ibd
[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/tong
total 112
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    15 Jan  5 14:35 q.isl
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql  8554 Jan  4 18:03 t.frm
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 98304 Jan  4 18:03 t.ibd
[root@tong2 ~]#

 

4.備份多個資料庫到一個目錄中

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system tong mysql /opt/tong

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/
total 8
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 tong

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/{mysql,tong} -d
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 /var/lib/mysql/mysql
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 4096 Jan  5 15:29 /var/lib/mysql/tong
[root@tong2 ~]#

 

5.備份資料庫中某一個表

[root@tong2 ~]# mysqlhotcopy -u root -p system mysql./user*/ /opt/

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /opt/mysql/
total 20
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 10684 Jan  4 16:49 user.frm
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  784 Jan  4 16:49 user.MYD
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  2048 Jan  4 16:49 user.MYI

[root@tong2 ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.*
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 10684 Jan  4 16:49 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.frm
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  784 Jan  4 16:49 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  2048 Jan  4 16:49 /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYI
[root@tong2 ~]#

 

6.恢複資料

[root@tong2 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql/tong
[root@tong2 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 29
Server version: 5.6.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database          |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test              |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

[root@tong2 ~]# cp -arp /opt/tong /var/lib/mysql/        --將備份的資料移到mysql資料根目錄
[root@tong2 ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 30
Server version: 5.6.21-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> \u tong
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+----------------+
| Tables_in_tong |
+----------------+
| t              |
+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

[root@tong2 ~]#

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