JavaScript新發展 CoffeeScript Dart Rust Node.js

文章目錄

• Rust

CoffeeScript

http://coffeescript.org/

CoffeeScript (GitHub repo) 是一個使用純Ruby編寫的新程式設計語言，建立者 Jeremy Ashkenas戲稱它是- JavaScript的不那麼鋪張（買弄）的小兄弟。因為CoffeeScript會將Ruby編譯成JavaScript，而且大部分結構都相似，但不同的是，CoffeeScript擁有更嚴格的文法。

類似的http://www.infoq.com/cn/news/2010/12/languages-on-javascript-vms/ 

引入JavaScript虛擬機器的語言：CoffeeScript 1.0、StratifiedJS、利用C/C++的Emscripten和Python

Dart

http://www.dartlang.org/

Dart是Google推出的新的結構化Web程式設計語言。

Dart is a class-based, object-oriented language with lexical scoping, closures, and optional static typing. Dart addresses issues with current web programming languages and is easy to learn for a wide range of developers.

JavaScript has been around for seventeen years. When it was first introduced, there was no Web 2.0, no Ajax, no CSS, and very little client-side interactivity at all. When JavaScript first came out, the primary use case was validating client-side forms with alert boxes!
Over the next seventeen years, JavaScript the language has evolved from a proprietary language owned and slowly developed by Netscape Communications to a web standard that regularly adds new features. But as fast as a committee can add new features to the standard, the Web evolves infinitely faster.
And then along came Dart. Dart asks, given what we know about the Web today, how might we build JavaScript from scratch? How can it load and run as fast as possible? How can we write it so that we can easily define and load external libraries?
How can we make it easy for developers to write beautiful code?
If Dart is the answer to those many questions (and I will try to make the case  that it is), then Dart is quite possibly the most exciting technology to come our way in a very long time.

Rust

http://www.rust-lang.org/

Rust是針對多核體系提出的語言，並且吸收一些其他動態語言的重要特性，比如不需要管理記憶體，比如不會出現Null指標等等。

Node.JS

http://nodejs.org/

Node.js是一套用來編寫高效能網路伺服器的JavaScript工具包，一系列的變化由此開始。比較獨特的是，Node.js會假設你是在POSIX環境下運行它Linux 或 Mac OS X。如果你是在Windows下，那就需要安裝MinGW以獲得一個仿POSIX的環境。在Node中，Http是首要的。Node為建立http伺服器作了最佳化，所以你在網上看到的大部分樣本和庫都是集中在web上(http架構、模板庫等）。