python __new__ 與__init__函數

__new__(cls[, ...])

This method is only used for new-style classes (classes inheriting from object).

Called to create a new instance of class cls. __new__ is a static method (special-cased so you need not declare it as such) that takes the class of which an instance was requested as its first argument. The remaining arguments are those passed to the object constructor expression (the call to the class). The return value of __new__ should be the new object instance (usually an instance of cls).

Typical implementations create a new instance of the class by invoking the superclass's __new__ method using "super(currentclass, cls).__new__(cls[, ...])" with appropriate arguments and then modifying the newly-created instance as necessary before returning it.

If __new__ returns an instance of cls, then the new instance's __init__ method will be invoked like "__init__(self[, ...])", where self is the new instance and the remaining arguments are the same as were passed to __new__.

If __new__ does not return an instance of cls, then the new instance's __init__ method will not be invoked.

[__new__]] is intended mainly to allow subclasses of immutable types (like [int, str, or tuple) to customize instance creation.

__new__主要可以用來繼承。

class A(object):
  def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
    print "one"
    print "A.__new__", args, kwds
    return object.__new__(B, *args, **kwds)
  def __init__(cls, *args, **kwds):
    print "two"
    print "A.__init__", args, kwds
class B(object):
  def __new__(cls, *args, **kwds):
    print "three"
    print cls
    print B
    print "B.__new__", args, kwds
    return object.__new__(cls, *args, **kwds)
  def __init__(cls, *args, **kwds):
    print "four"
    print "B.__init__", args, kwds
class C(object):
  def __init__(cls, *args, **kwds):
    print "five"
    print "C.__init__", args, kwds
print C()
print "====================="
print A()
print "====================="
print B()

And here's the result of running that code:

40:~/ndfi grahamellis$ python newvinit
five
C.__init__ () {}
<__main__.C object at 0x6fc10>
=====================
one
A.__new__ () {}
<__main__.B object at 0x6fc10>
=====================
three
<class '__main__.B'>
<class '__main__.B'>
B.__new__ () {}
four
B.__init__ () {}
<__main__.B object at 0x6fc10>
40:~/ndfi grahamellis$