Python numpy,pythonnumpy
import numpya=numpy.array([1,2,3,4])b=numpy.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])print(a.shape)print(b.shape)
建立了一個一維向量和三行散列的矩陣
注意:這裡要求資料是同一結構,shape函數作用:幾行幾列
取值:
import numpyb=numpy.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])print(b[:,1])#這裡列印矩陣的第二列print(b[:,0:2])#這裡取到第一列和第二列
修改矩陣中的值:
這裡把5和7的值改成了10
import numpyb=numpy.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])b[(b==5)|(b==7)] = 10print(b)
強轉類型:
把int型轉為str型
import numpyb=numpy.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])c = b.astype(str)print(c)
其他動作:
import numpyb=numpy.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])print(b.min())#求最小值print(b.max(axis=1))#按行求最大print(b.sum(axis=0))#按列求和
import numpy as npa=np.arange(10).reshape(2,5)print(a)'''建立矩陣:[[0 1 2 3 4] [5 6 7 8 9]]'''print(a.ndim)#求維度print(a.shape)#幾行幾列print(a.dtype.name)#矩陣資料類型名字print(a.size)#元素個數
矩陣初始化:
import numpy as np#矩陣初始化方法:np.zeros((3,4))#3行4列矩陣初始化為0(預設為float類型)np.ones((3,4),dtype=np.int32)#3行4列初始化值為1的int類型
建立矩陣:
import numpy as npnp.arange(10,30,5)#從10到30,每隔5#array([10, 15, 20, 25])np.random.random((2,3))'''隨機建立:2行3列,-1到1之間注意:必須是兩個randomarray([[0.20925672, 0.09790786, 0.00158854], [0.73711854, 0.83033327, 0.22525092]])'''np.linspace(1,3,100)#從1到3平均地取100個數(float類型)
運算:
import numpy as npa=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])print(np.hstack((a,a)))print(np.vstack((a,a)))print(a.T)print(a+a)print(a*a)print(a.dot(a))print(np.dot(a,a))print(np.exp(a))print(np.sqrt(a))print(a.shape)print(a.ravel())'''不做解釋,一目瞭然[[1 2 3 1 2 3] [4 5 6 4 5 6] [7 8 9 7 8 9]][[1 2 3] [4 5 6] [7 8 9] [1 2 3] [4 5 6] [7 8 9]][[1 4 7] [2 5 8] [3 6 9]] [[ 2 4 6] [ 8 10 12] [14 16 18]] [[ 1 4 9] [16 25 36] [49 64 81]] [[ 30 36 42] [ 66 81 96] [102 126 150]] [[ 30 36 42] [ 66 81 96] [102 126 150]] [[2.71828183e+00 7.38905610e+00 2.00855369e+01] [5.45981500e+01 1.48413159e+02 4.03428793e+02] [1.09663316e+03 2.98095799e+03 8.10308393e+03]] [[1. 1.41421356 1.73205081] [2. 2.23606798 2.44948974] [2.64575131 2.82842712 3. ]] (3, 3) [1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]'''
import numpy as npa=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])print(a.argmax(axis=0))#[2 2 2]列最大索引值print(a.argmin(axis=1))#[0 0 0]行最小索引值
import numpy as npa=np.arange(0,40,10)print(a)b=np.tile(a,(3,2))c=np.tile(a,(2,3))print(b)print(c)'''[ 0 10 20 30][[ 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30] [ 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30] [ 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30]] [[ 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30] [ 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 0 10 20 30]]'''
排序:
import numpy as npa=np.array([[1,4,6],[2,9,7],[5,3,8]])print(a)'''[[1 4 6] [2 9 7] [5 3 8]]'''b=np.sort(a,axis=1)#按行排列print(b)'''[[1 4 6] [2 7 9] [3 5 8]]'''c=np.sort(a,axis=0)#按列排列print(c)'''[[1 3 6] [2 4 7] [5 9 8]]'''d=np.argsort(a)#索引值排序print(d)'''[[0 1 2] [0 2 1] [1 0 2]]'''
特別注意:
import numpy as npa=np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])c=a.view()print(c is a)#false(c和a指向記憶體位址不同)#複製了a,賦值給c#如果是c=a,那麼c和a是同一個(指向同一個地址)#print(c is a)地話,就會列印truec[1,2] = 100print(a)'''[[ 1 2 3] [ 4 5 100] [ 7 8 9]]'''#這裡發現修改了c,那麼a也被修改了#c和a雖然地址不同,但是共用一組資料d=a.copy()print(d is a)#falsed[1,3] = 100#這裡沒有改變aprint(a)
讀取txt檔案:
import numpy#第一個參數為路徑,第二個參數為分隔字元,第三個參數是讀取的類型#最後一個參數意思:是否去掉第一行a=numpy.genfromtxt("d:/a.txt",delimiter=",",dtype="str",skip_header=1)print(a)