從0自學C#03--檔案流儲存資料為txt/excel格式

主要介紹DataTable、日誌Log、檔案流FileStream、StreamWriter類，將資料儲存為txt和excel格式。

1.建立TestDataTable類

CreateTable()方法建立一個資料table，SaveTableToExcel(string fileName)方法將資料table存為檔案名稱為fileName的excel格式檔案，CreateDirectory(string fileName)方法去檢查檔案是否存在，若不存在，則自動建立一個。

class TestDataTable: DataTable    {        public void CreateTable()        {            this.Columns.Add("Time(s)", System.Type.GetType("System.String"));            this.Columns.Add("Ch", System.Type.GetType("System.String"));            this.Columns.Add("BER", System.Type.GetType("System.String"));                        const int length1 = 4;                        const int length2 = 10;            int[][] data = new int[length1][];            //第一條資料            data[0] = new int[length2] { 13, 25, 21, 33, 28, 39, 43, 36, 42, 36 };            //第二條資料            data[1] = new int[length2] { 20, 13, 10, 5, 15, 7, 10, 14, 19, 20 };            //第三條資料            data[2] = new int[length2] { 78, 92, 65, 83, 90, 59, 63, 72, 88, 98 };            //第四條資料            data[3] = new int[length2] { 45, 49, 39, 47, 52, 76, 67, 51, 57, 67 };            for (int i = 0; i < length2; i++)            {                for (int j = 0; j < length1; j++)                {                    DataRow dr = this.NewRow();                    dr[0] = i + 1;                    dr[1] = j;                    dr[2] = data[j][i];                    this.Rows.Add(dr);                }            }        }        public void SaveTableToExcel(string fileName)        {            CreateDirectory(fileName);            StringBuilder title = new StringBuilder();            FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate);            StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(new BufferedStream(fileStream), System.Text.Encoding.Default);            for (int i = 0; i < this.Columns.Count; i++)            {                title.Append(this.Columns[i].ColumnName + "\t"); //欄位：自動跳到下一儲存格            }            title.Append("\n");            writer.Write(title);            foreach (DataRow row in this.Rows)            {                StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();                for (int i = 0; i < this.Columns.Count; i++)                {                    content.Append(row[i] + "\t");//內容：自動跳到下一儲存格                }                content.Append("\n");                writer.Write(content);            }            writer.Close();            fileStream.Close();        }        public void CreateDirectory(string fileName)        {            DirectoryInfo directoryInfo = Directory.GetParent(fileName);            if (!directoryInfo.Exists)            {                directoryInfo.Create();            }        }      }

2.建立日誌Log類

將檔案名稱FileName定義為類的屬性，在建構函式時賦值。SaveLogToTxt(string info)方法將資料info存入檔案名稱為fileName的txt檔案中。同樣CreateDirectory()方法去檢查檔案是否存在

class Log    {        private string fileName;         public string FileName        {            set            {                this.fileName = value;            }            get            {                return this.fileName;            }        }        public Log(string fileName)        {            this.fileName = fileName;            CreateDirectory();        }          public void SaveLogToTxt(string info)          {                StreamWriter writer = null;              FileStream fileStream = null;            try              {                System.IO.FileInfo fileInfo = new System.IO.FileInfo(this.fileName);                  if (!fileInfo.Exists)                  {                      fileStream = fileInfo.Create();                      writer = new StreamWriter(fileStream);                  }                  else                  {                      fileStream = fileInfo.Open(FileMode.Append, FileAccess.Write);                      writer = new StreamWriter(fileStream);                  }                  writer.WriteLine(info);            }              finally              {                  if (writer != null)                  {                      writer.Close();                      writer.Dispose();                      fileStream.Close();                      fileStream.Dispose();                  }              }          }          public void CreateDirectory()          {              DirectoryInfo directoryInfo = Directory.GetParent(this.fileName);              if (!directoryInfo.Exists)              {                  directoryInfo.Create();              }          }      }

3.調用類方法存資料

執行個體化類、建立資料table，將table儲存為txt格式和excel格式，以時間命名。

TestDataTable dt = new TestDataTable();dt.CreateTable();dt.Rows.Clear(); //清除資料table裡所有行DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;Log log = new Log(@"Log\" + startTime.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss") + ".txt");//以時間為檔案命名，存在exe所在檔案夾下的Log檔案夾裡for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++){    DataRow dr = dt.NewRow();    dr[0] = (int)second;    dr[1] = i;    dr[2] = BERByChannel[i].ToString("E2");    dt.Rows.Add(dr);//添加新行到資料table    string info = string.Format("{0}: Time(s): {1}, Ch: {2}, BER: {3}", DateTime.Now, dr[0], dr[1], dr[2]);    log.SaveLogToTxt(info);//存為txt格式                    }//存為excel格式string fileName = @"TestRecord\" + startTime.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss") + ".xls";dt.SaveTableToExcel(fileName);//以時間為檔案命名，存在exe所在檔案夾下的TestRecord檔案夾裡

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