㈠ 條帶化
ASM的條帶化有兩種:coarse和fine-gained
AU是最小空間配置單位,預設是1M,每個AU預設由8個128K條帶空間組成。
在coarse條帶化中,一個磁碟對應一個AU
所以該條帶化適合連續的I/O讀寫,比如全表掃描表
在fine-gained條帶化裡,一個AU中的8個128K條帶空間,平均打散在磁碟上
也就是說,4個磁碟,1個AU是平均分布在4個磁碟,每個磁碟2個128K
適合於對資料讀寫延遲比較敏感的檔案。如redo日誌,控制檔案,spfile等
㈡ 重平衡
從diskgroup中添加或刪除disk時候,將觸發RBAL進程建立rebalance計劃、計算時間開銷
而後、發訊息給ARBn進程ASM Reblance)處理該請求
ARBn進程對每個extents進行locked, relocated和unlocked操作,執行過程中可以參考v$asm_operation視圖
ARBn進程的數量由參數ASM_POWER_LIMIT決定
COD (Continuting Operation Directory)用於記錄rebalances情況
如果rebalance失敗,在重啟instance時候,將從COD讀取記錄,重新啟動rebalance
注意事項:
① rebalance僅僅在diskgroup發生改變時候才進行的,並不是定時執行
如果rebalance執行過程中,server宕機,重啟後會自動進行rebalance
② 每個disk的大小必須是相同,如果存在一個小盤,因為rebalance將對每個盤的分配相同比例的空間,可能造成rebalance時候空間不足
如果執行過程中,空閑空間不足,造成rebalance失敗,將出現ORA-15041錯誤,需要再添加disk
如果需要頻繁添加disk,每一次都可能造成資料的頻繁移動,為提高效率,最好大量新增
如果磁碟大小一樣,仍然沒有進行rebalance,需要查看asm_power_limit
OCP題庫有道題:
16. Immediately after adding a new disk to or removing an existing disk from an Automatic Storage Management (ASM) instance,
you find that the performance of the database decreases initially, until the addition or removal process is completed.
Performance then gradually returns to normal levels.
Which two activities could you perform to maintain a consistent performance of the database while adding or removing disks? (Choose two.)
A. increase the number of checkpoint processes
B. define the POWER option while adding or removing the disks
C. increase the number of DBWR processes by setting up a higher value for DB_WRITER_PROCESSES
D. increase the number of slave database writer processes by setting up a higher value for DBWR_IO_SLAVES
E. increase the number of ASM Rebalance processes by setting upa higher value for ASM_POWER_LIMIT during the disk addition or removal
Answer: B, E
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