原文地址:http://www.opent.cn/a/094/1235.shtml
有的Web項目選用Excel作為報表方案,在伺服器端產生Excel檔案,然後傳送到用戶端,由用戶端進行列印。在國內的環境下,相對PDF方式,Excel的安裝率應該比pdf閱讀器的安裝率要高,同時,微軟也為C#操作Excel提供了完備的介面,雖然ZedGraph和其他的商業報表工具產生的統計圖也很好,但是人家微軟畢竟是大品牌,值得信賴。
本文進一步示範如何從指定的資料從頭產生統
首先當然要添加對Excel的引用,然後需要定義幾個要用到的Excel對象
Excel.Application ThisApplication = null;Excel.Workbooks m_objBooks = null;Excel._Workbook ThisWorkbook = null;Excel.Worksheet xlSheet = null;
在建立一個新的_WorkBook對象的時候,預設的會含有3個Sheet,所以為了顯示清晰,將多餘的Sheet都刪掉:
private void DeleteSheet(){ foreach (Excel.Worksheet ws in ThisWorkbook.Worksheets) if (ws != ThisApplication.ActiveSheet) { ws.Delete(); } foreach (Excel.Chart cht in ThisWorkbook.Charts) cht.Delete(); }
再下來需要添加用來給Chart提供資料的Sheet:
private void AddDatasheet(){ xlSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)ThisWorkbook. Worksheets.Add(Type.Missing, ThisWorkbook.ActiveSheet, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); xlSheet.Name = "資料";}
產生Chart用到的資料,因為是示範,所以這裡使用產生隨機數的方法來替代從資料庫中提取資料。
private void LoadData(){ Random ran = new Random(); for (int i = 1; i <= 12; i++) { xlSheet.Cells[i, 1] = i.ToString() + "月"; xlSheet.Cells[i, 2] = ran.Next(2000).ToString(); }}
好了,到此,準備工作全部已經就緒,下面要進行Chart的產生設定部分了:
產生一個統計圖對象:
Excel.Chart xlChart = (Excel.Chart)ThisWorkbook.Charts. Add(Type.Missing, xlSheet, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);
設定資料來源:
Excel.Range cellRange = (Excel.Range)xlSheet.Cells[1, 1];
通過嚮導產生Chart:
xlChart.ChartWizard(cellRange.CurrentRegion, Excel.XlChartType.xl3DColumn, Type.Missing, Excel.XlRowCol.xlColumns,1, 0, true , "訪問量比較(dahuzizyd.cnblogs.com)", "月份", "訪問量", "");
到此,Chart的產生就完成了,貌似比較簡單,下面我們對其作一些設定,好更漂亮些。
設定統計圖Sheet的名稱:
xlChart.Name = "統計";
現在的統計圖只有一個組,他們會顯示成一樣的顏色,我們來讓12個Bar都顯示不同的顏色:
Excel.ChartGroup grp = (Excel.ChartGroup)xlChart.ChartGroups(1);grp.GapWidth = 20;grp.VaryByCategories = true;
現在Chart的條目的顯示形狀是Box,我們讓它們變成圓柱形,並給它們顯示加上資料標籤:
Excel.Series s = (Excel.Series)grp.SeriesCollection(1);s.BarShape = XlBarShape.xlCylinder;s.HasDataLabels = true;
下面再來設定統計圖的標題和圖例的顯示:
xlChart.Legend.Position = XlLegendPosition.xlLegendPositionTop;xlChart.ChartTitle.Font.Size = 24;xlChart.ChartTitle.Shadow = true;xlChart.ChartTitle.Border.LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous;
最後設定兩個軸的屬性,Excel.XlAxisType.xlValue對應的是Y軸,Excel.XlAxisType.xlCategory對應的是X軸:
Excel.Axis valueAxis = (Excel.Axis)xlChart.Axes(Excel.XlAxisType.xlValue, XlAxisGroup.xlPrimary);valueAxis.AxisTitle.Orientation = -90; Excel.Axis categoryAxis = (Excel.Axis)xlChart.Axes(Excel.XlAxisType.xlCategory, XlAxisGroup.xlPrimary);categoryAxis.AxisTitle.Font.Name = "MS UI Gothic";
到此,一切就緒了,下面要產生Chart,並將其存為一個Excel檔案:
private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e){ try { ThisApplication = new Excel.Application(); m_objBooks = (Excel.Workbooks)ThisApplication.Workbooks; ThisWorkbook = (Excel._Workbook)(m_objBooks.Add(Type.Missing)); ThisApplication.DisplayAlerts = false; this.DeleteSheet(); this.AddDatasheet(); this.LoadData(); CreateChart(); ThisWorkbook.SaveAs("z:\\Book2.xls", Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } finally { ThisWorkbook.Close(Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); ThisApplication.Workbooks.Close(); ThisApplication.Quit(); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(ThisWorkbook); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(ThisApplication); ThisWorkbook = null; ThisApplication = null; GC.Collect(); this.Close(); }}Excel.Application ThisApplication = null;Excel.Workbooks m_objBooks = null;Excel._Workbook ThisWorkbook = null;Excel.Worksheet xlSheet = null;/**//// /// 用產生的隨機數作資料/// private void LoadData(){ Random ran = new Random(); for (int i = 1; i <= 12; i++) { xlSheet.Cells[i, 1] = i.ToString() + "月"; xlSheet.Cells[i, 2] = ran.Next(2000).ToString(); }}/**//// /// 刪除多餘的Sheet/// private void DeleteSheet(){ foreach (Excel.Worksheet ws in ThisWorkbook.Worksheets) if (ws != ThisApplication.ActiveSheet) { ws.Delete(); } foreach (Excel.Chart cht in ThisWorkbook.Charts) cht.Delete(); }/**//// /// 建立一個Sheet,用來存資料/// private void AddDatasheet(){ xlSheet = (Excel.Worksheet)ThisWorkbook. Worksheets.Add(Type.Missing, ThisWorkbook.ActiveSheet, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); xlSheet.Name = "資料";}/**//// /// 建立統計圖 /// private void CreateChart(){ Excel.Chart xlChart = (Excel.Chart)ThisWorkbook.Charts. Add(Type.Missing, xlSheet, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); Excel.Range cellRange = (Excel.Range)xlSheet.Cells[1, 1]; xlChart.ChartWizard(cellRange.CurrentRegion, Excel.XlChartType.xl3DColumn, Type.Missing, Excel.XlRowCol.xlColumns,1, 0, true , "訪問量比較(dahuzizyd.cnblogs.com)", "月份", "訪問量", ""); xlChart.Name = "統計"; Excel.ChartGroup grp = (Excel.ChartGroup)xlChart.ChartGroups(1); grp.GapWidth = 20; grp.VaryByCategories = true; Excel.Series s = (Excel.Series)grp.SeriesCollection(1); s.BarShape = XlBarShape.xlCylinder; s.HasDataLabels = true; xlChart.Legend.Position = XlLegendPosition.xlLegendPositionTop; xlChart.ChartTitle.Font.Size = 24; xlChart.ChartTitle.Shadow = true; xlChart.ChartTitle.Border.LineStyle = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlContinuous; Excel.Axis valueAxis = (Excel.Axis)xlChart.Axes(Excel.XlAxisType.xlValue, XlAxisGroup.xlPrimary); valueAxis.AxisTitle.Orientation = -90; Excel.Axis categoryAxis = (Excel.Axis)xlChart.Axes(Excel.XlAxisType.xlCategory, XlAxisGroup.xlPrimary); categoryAxis.AxisTitle.Font.Name = "MS UI Gothic";}try{ ThisApplication = new Excel.Application(); m_objBooks = (Excel.Workbooks)ThisApplication.Workbooks; ThisWorkbook = (Excel._Workbook)(m_objBooks.Add(Type.Missing)); ThisApplication.DisplayAlerts = false; this.DeleteSheet(); this.AddDatasheet(); this.LoadData(); CreateChart(); ThisWorkbook.SaveAs("z:\\Book2.xls", Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Excel.XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing);}catch (Exception ex){ MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);}finally{ ThisWorkbook.Close(Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); ThisApplication.Workbooks.Close(); ThisApplication.Quit(); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(ThisWorkbook); System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal.ReleaseComObject(ThisApplication); ThisWorkbook = null; ThisApplication = null; GC.Collect(); this.Close();}
運行你的程式,開啟產生的Excel檔案,最終產生的Chart應該像這樣:
完成了Chart的產生,但是上面對於每個月只有一項資料,如果我想顯示多項呢,例如顯示每個月兩個頁面的範圍量的對比。方法很簡單,只要再多產生一組資料就可以了,我們修改下LoadData方法:
private void LoadData(){ Random ran = new Random(); for (int i = 1; i <= 12; i++) { xlSheet.Cells[i, 1] = i.ToString() + "月"; xlSheet.Cells[i, 2] = ran.Next(2000).ToString();xlSheet.Cells[i, 3] = ran.Next(1500).ToString(); }}
再次運行程式,產生Chart看看,應該像下面的效果:
可以看到,兩組資料以不同的形狀顯示,同時,圖例部分也不再顯示1-12月共12項,而是顯示兩項,這是因為在上面的代碼中我們設定了ChartGroup的VaryByCategories 屬性:
grp.VaryByCategories = true;當我們有兩個以上的組時,這一項就失效了。
在用C#操作Excel的時候,恐怕最大的困難就在於不知道Excel提供的各個對象,以及它們的屬性,方法等資訊,好在MSDN裡有關於Excel的介面說明-Excel Primary Interop Assembly Reference,參照這些,相信很快就能上手了。