Java四種線程池的使用

最後更新：2015-03-19 來源：互聯網

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Java通過Executors提供四種線程池，分別為：
newCachedThreadPool建立一個可緩衝線程池，如果線程池長度超過處理需要，可靈活回收空閑線程，若無可回收，則建立線程。
newFixedThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池，可控制線程最大並發數，超出的線程會在隊列中等待。
newScheduledThreadPool 建立一個定長線程池，支援定時及週期性任務執行。
newSingleThreadExecutor 建立一個單線程化的線程池，它只會用唯一的背景工作執行緒來執行任務，保證所有任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先順序)執行。

(1) newCachedThreadPool
建立一個可緩衝線程池，如果線程池長度超過處理需要，可靈活回收空閑線程，若無可回收，則建立線程。範例程式碼如下：

Java代碼

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
try {
Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println(index);
}
});
}
}
}

package test;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) {  ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {   final int index = i;   try {    Thread.sleep(index * 1000);   } catch (InterruptedException e) {    e.printStackTrace();   }   cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {    public void run() {     System.out.println(index);    }   });  } }}

線程池為無限大，當執行第二個任務時第一個任務已經完成，會複用執行第一個任務的線程，而不用每次建立線程。

(2) newFixedThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池，可控制線程最大並發數，超出的線程會在隊列中等待。範例程式碼如下：

Java代碼

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}
}

package test;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) {  ExecutorService fixedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {   final int index = i;   fixedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {    public void run() {     try {      System.out.println(index);      Thread.sleep(2000);     } catch (InterruptedException e) {      e.printStackTrace();     }    }   });  } }}

因為線程池大小為3，每個任務輸出index後sleep 2秒，所以每兩秒列印3個數字。
定長線程池的大小最好根據系統資源進行設定。如Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors()

(3) newScheduledThreadPool
建立一個定長線程池，支援定時及週期性任務執行。順延強制範例程式碼如下：

Java代碼

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");
}
}, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}

package test;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) {  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  scheduledThreadPool.schedule(new Runnable() {   public void run() {    System.out.println("delay 3 seconds");   }  }, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); }}

表示延遲3秒執行。

定期執行範例程式碼如下：

Java代碼

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);
scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");
}
}, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}

package test;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) {  ScheduledExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);  scheduledThreadPool.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {   public void run() {    System.out.println("delay 1 seconds, and excute every 3 seconds");   }  }, 1, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); }}

表示延遲1秒後每3秒執行一次。

(4) newSingleThreadExecutor
建立一個單線程化的線程池，它只會用唯一的背景工作執行緒來執行任務，保證所有任務按照指定順序(FIFO, LIFO, 優先順序)執行。範例程式碼如下：

Java代碼

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int index = i;
singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
}
}

package test;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) {  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();  for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {   final int index = i;   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {    public void run() {     try {      System.out.println(index);      Thread.sleep(2000);     } catch (InterruptedException e) {      e.printStackTrace();     }    }   });  } }}

結果依次輸出，相當於順序執行各個任務。

你可以使用JDK內建的監控工具來監控我們建立的線程數量，運行一個不終止的線程，建立指定量的線程，來觀察：
工具目錄：C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_06\bin\jconsole.exe
運行程式做稍微修改：

Java代碼

package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
final int index = i;
singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
while(true) {
System.out.println(index);
Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}

package test;import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;import java.util.concurrent.Executors;public class ThreadPoolExecutorTest { public static void main(String[] args) {  ExecutorService singleThreadExecutor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();  for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {   final int index = i;   singleThreadExecutor.execute(new Runnable() {    public void run() {     try {      while(true) {       System.out.println(index);       Thread.sleep(10 * 1000);      }     } catch (InterruptedException e) {      e.printStackTrace();     }    }   });   try {    Thread.sleep(500);   } catch (InterruptedException e) {    e.printStackTrace();   }  } }}

Java四種線程池的使用

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