2014 soft test software designer pre-test tutoring: A Summary of Software Development Methods

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　　1. structured methods

Structured development methods are proposed by E. Yourdon and L. L. Constantine. They are called sasd methods, which can also be called functional-oriented software development methods or data flow-oriented software development methods. Yourdon method is the most widely used software development method in 1980s.

It first uses the structured analysis (SA) to analyze the requirements of the software, then uses the structured design (SD) method for the overall design, and finally structured programming (SP ). It provides two typical types of software structures (transformation type and transaction type), greatly improving the success rate of software development.

　　2. Data Structure-Oriented Software Development Method

The Jackson method is the most typical data-oriented software development method. The Jackson method breaks down the problem into hierarchies of each part represented by three basic structures. The three basic structures are order, selection, and repetition. Three data structures can be combined to form a complex structure system. This method starts with the input and output data structure of the target system, exports the program framework structure, and adds other details to obtain the complete program structure. This method is especially effective for small and medium-sized systems with clear input and output data structures, such as file table processing in commercial applications. This method can also be combined with other methods for the specific design of the module.

　　3. problem-oriented analysis

Pam (problem analysis method) is a software development method proposed by Hitachi at the end of 1980s. Its basic idea is to take into account the input and output data structure, guide the system decomposition, and gradually integrate under the guidance of system analysis. The specific steps of this method are to export the basic processing boxes from the input and output data structures, analyze the relations between the processing boxes, and gradually integrate the processing boxes according to their relations, until the pad diagram of the entire system is drawn. This method is essentially a comprehensive bottom-up method, but a purposeful decomposition has been carried out before the gradual integration. This aims to fully consider the input and output data structures of the system. Another advantage of the PAM method is the use of pad graphs. This is a two-dimensional tree structure, which is one of the best specific design representations so far. Of course, because there is a gap between the input and output data structures and the entire system, this method is only applicable to small and medium problems.

　　4. Prototype Method

There are many reasons for the prototyping method. As our system development experience increases, we also find that not all requirements can be pre-defined and modified repeatedly.

Of course, the prototype method can be used because of the rapid development of development tools, such as VB and Delphi? Users can quickly develop a system framework that allows users to see and understand. In this way, users who are not very familiar with computers can propose their own needs based on this model.

Prototype System development generally involves the following phases:

(1) determine user requirements

(2) Develop the original model

(3) Solicit users' suggestions on improving the initial prototype

(4) modify the prototype.

Prototype Development is suitable for situations where user requirements are unclear, business theories are uncertain, and requirements change frequently. It is better to use this method when the system scale is not very large or complex.

　　5. Object-Oriented Software Development Methods

The most popular words in the computer industry are distributed, parallel, and object-oriented. From this we can see the concept of object-oriented in the current computer industry. For example, the two popular object-oriented technologies DCOM and CORBA are examples. Of course, we actually use object-oriented programming languages, such as C ++. It is undeniable that object-oriented technology is a revolution of software technology and has a milestone in the software development history.

With the development of OOP (Object-Oriented Programming) to OOD (Object-Oriented Design) and OOA (Object-Oriented Analysis), The OMT (Object Modeling Technique) method of object-oriented software development is formed ). This is a combination of bottom-up and top-down methods, and it is based on object modeling, which not only considers the input and output data structures, it actually contains the data structure of all objects. Therefore, OMT has completely achieved what Pam has not fully achieved. Moreover, OO technology has made substantial breakthroughs in the key links and quality indicators of software development, including requirement analysis, maintainability, and reliability, basically solved these serious problems.

In summary, the object-oriented system adopts bottom-up induction and top-down decomposition methods. Through the establishment of object models, it can truly establish user-based requirements, in addition, the maintainability of the system is greatly improved. Currently, the industry standard for object-oriented modeling is UML (uniied Modeling Language ).

Here we need to talk about the Microsoft MSF (Microsoft Solutions framework) framework. It simply divides the system design into three phases: conceptual design, logical design, and physical design. The conceptual design stage is how many objects can be obtained from the user's perspective and draws a business framework based on the objects. In the logical design phase, objects in the conceptual design phase are re-analyzed, subdivided, integrated, and deleted. And establish the method attributes of each object and the relationship between objects. Physical Design is actually to determine the components, services, framework structures, and specific programming languages we actually need. The entire structure of the MPs is clearly a good and operable framework system developed based on objects.

　　6. Visual Development Method

In fact, visual development cannot be used as a separate development method. More appropriately, it can be considered as an auxiliary tool. For example, anyone who has used Sybase's s-design knows that, you can use this tool to create a graphical database mode and import it to different databases. Of course, there may not be many people who have used S-design, but there may be many people who have used development tools such as VB, Delphi, and C ++ builder. In fact, you are using visual development tools.

Of course, it is undeniable that you only use Visualization at the programming stage, rather than at the high-level level of system analysis and system design. In fact, building a visual tool for system analysis and system design is a good selling point. Many foreign tools are dedicated to the design of products in this area. For example, business object is a good visual analysis tool for databases.

Visual Development enables us to focus on business logic and business processes, and the user interface can be easily structured using visual tools. The application software is automatically generated by the visual development tool by operating interface elements, such as menus, buttons, dialog boxes, edit boxes, single quotes, check boxes, list boxes, and scroll bars.

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