Analysis on the O & M of mainstream Linux frameworks and Analysis of mainstream linux frameworks

Analysis on the O & M of mainstream Linux frameworks and Analysis of mainstream linux frameworks

LINUX is open-source, which is also the main reason. If you want to learn Windows, Unix, sorry, there is no source code. It is precisely in this way that LINUX will be able to roll bigger and bigger like a snowball and grow to this scale. Today, we will provide you with an analysis on the O & M of mainstream Linux frameworks. You must read this article carefully ~

With the continuous development of it o & M, especially the rapid development of Linux, more and more enterprises are using Linux operating system platforms, such as CentOS, RedHat, Ubuntu, and Fedora, hundreds of millions of websites have emerged on the Internet and the Internet has become an essential tool. Today we will share with you the most popular website architectures in Linux:

LVS + KEEPALIVED (heartbeat) + Squid + Nginx/Apache + java/php

+ MySQL/MariaDB and so on. Share a simple topology for your reference.

Generally, websites are divided into four layers: Front-End Server Load balancer, intermediate proxy, backend service, and database layer.

Of course, in addition to this overall process, there are also a lot of extensions for different companies, and various systems are constantly added to this architecture to form a very large and complex system. Next we need to pay attention to the details of each level of O & M personnel:

1) The LVS Load Balancing layer is as follows:

The LVS Server Load balancer layer is mainly used to defend against high-traffic and data forwarding. Generally, it is based on the layer-4 TCP/IP protocol, and the forwarding methods are different based on different internal environments, usually, the DR mode is highly efficient. When combined with LVS and keepalived, keepalived can be used to manage our entire configuration file, making it simple and practical to take charge of balancing, various plans can be used to check whether the backend Nginx or Squid service is normal.

LVS simple Working principle: the user requests the lvs vip. LVS forwards the request to the backend server based on the forwarding method and algorithm. The backend server receives the request and returns it to the user. For the user, you cannot see the specific WEB backend applications.

During LVS maintenance, O & M personnel must pay close attention to the number of current LVS forwarding connections and system LVS logs. Monitors the status of VIP, real IP, and connections through the monitoring platform.

2) The Nginx reverse proxy layer is as follows:

Nginx is currently the mainstream High-Performance WEB server. Due to its excellent stability, rich feature sets, sample configuration files, and low system resource consumption, Nginx is currently very popular.

Nginx is mainly based on layer-7 applications. It can implement various rule forwarding and reverse proxy for Our backend JAVA and PHP dynamic servers. At the same time, Nginx itself can process static pages with an official theoretical concurrency of 5 w/s, at the same time, Nginx can also be used as a cache server to store our static page cache, with performance comparable to squid.

As an it o & M personnel, during daily O & M, you need to pay attention to the overall website operation for a long time, analyze website bottlenecks, and constantly optimize Nginx parameters, make sure that the connection between Nginx and the backend service is abnormal.

3) the backend service layer is as follows:

The backend stores our real website and backend services, which are called by the front-end Nnginx and common backend service parsing software. If the jsp language is used, the containers are Tomcat, Resin, Weblogic, and so on.

If it is a PHP program, we need to install the PHP environment to parse the php code, and then provide the user access through the front-end Nginx reverse proxy.

In daily O & M, you need to pay attention to the monitoring of the backend service layer and the number of connections. You need to pay attention to and monitor the backend service in real time, and configure multiple instances and redundant cases.

4) The database layer is as follows:

Currently, mainstream Internet databases include Mysql, Mariadb, mongodb, and Oracle. databases are the core layer of the entire architecture, and data is the foundation of enterprise survival, therefore, database architecture and maintenance are also crucial. Medium and large Internet companies all have their own full-time DBA staff responsible for Mysql operation and maintenance.

It o & M personnel should pay close attention to changes in database concurrency and connection pools during database maintenance, and pay attention to changes in database Master/Slave, read/write splitting status, and logs, A complete backup mechanism is developed to back up the database, so that problems can be solved in a timely manner.

Extracurricular knowledge sharing:

In our daily life, we seem to have more dealings with Windows. In fact, we are also dealing with Linux in silence.

Android puts Linux in the hands of countless mobile device consumers around the world, which is probably the greatest success of Linux in the mainstream industry so far.

Linux becomes an important member of the operating system and plays an increasingly important role with its many advantages.

First, Linux is a free operating system, which is in stark contrast with Windows.

Linux users can obtain it free of charge through the network or other means, and can modify its source code at will.

This is something other operating systems cannot do.

Because of this, countless programmers from around the world have participated in the Linux modification,

Programmers can make changes based on their interests and inspiration.

This allows Linux to absorb the essence of countless programmers and continue to grow.

Secondly, Linux is fully compatible with the POSIX 1.0 standard, which allows you to run common DOS and Windows programs through the corresponding simulators in Linux.