Basic Linux Knowledge

First, the operating system

os:operating System, a general purpose software program.

Second, OS classification

Server Os:rhel,centos,windows Server,aix

Desktop Os:windows 10,windows 7,mac Os,fedora

Mobile device Os:android,ios,yunos

III. development of Interface standards

ABI(Binary interface Applied): Application binary Interface

ABI Overview: The ABI describes the underlying interface between the application and the OS, allowing the compiled target code to run without modification in a system that uses a compatible ABI.

API(Application Development Interface): Application Programming Interface

API Overview: The API defines the interface between the source and the library, so the same source code can be compiled in any system that supports this API. (Includes function library calls and system calls)

POSIX(can only be operating system interface): Portable Operating Systeminterface

POSIX Overview: A series of API standards defined on the ①IEEE operating system.

②posix compatible programs can be compiled and executed on other POSIX operating systems .

Four, run the program format

Windows:exe (application), DLL (dynamic library connection), lib (Static library connection)

Linux:elf, so (Dynamic Library),. A (Static library)

Five, programming language

Low-level language

Machine language: 0 and 1

assembly language: corresponding to machine one by one, unique hardware-related code, driver development.

Intermediate Language : C language

For system-level applications, drivers

Advanced Languages : Java, Python, PHP

For application-level program development

Six, the server three major operating systems

Windows

Linux: Gun/linux

Unix: It's divided into two genres

System: Bell Labs (Bell Lab)

AIX (IBM)

Solaris (Sun)

HP-UX (Hewlett-Packard)

BSD (BSRG): University of Berkeley (Berkeley System Distribution)

NetBSD

Openbsd

Freebsd

Vii. origin of Linux

Richard Stallman ( Richard Stallman ) launched the gun project and the Free Software Fund in 1984 .

Create an Open source Unix utility version;

Create a general Public License (GPL);

Open source software licensing implementation principles;

1991, Linus Torvalds (Linus Torvalds) released Linux

Create an open source, Unix-like kernel, published under the GPL

Kernel Download official website: www.kernel.org

Linux Operating system

Linux kernel +gun tool = Complete Unix-like operating system, such as CentOS, ubuntu,android

VIII. Linux Distribution

slackware: SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES)

openSUSE Desktop

Debian: Ubuntu, mint

Redhat: Redhat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), release a new version every 18 months

CentOS: Compatible with Rhel format

Kirin: Winning software

Fedora: Release a new version every 6 months

ArchLinux: Clear and concise

Gentoo: Extreme Performance with no traditional installation program

LFS: Linux from Scratch, homemade Linux

Android: Kernel+busybox (Tool Set) +java virtual machine

Nine, open source

Open Source: Software and source code available to everyone

Free distribution software and source code

Ability to modify and create derivative works

Author's code Perfect

Software Categories : business, sharing, freedom

Open Source Agreement

GPLV2,GPLV3,LGPL (Lesser), WordPress, copyleft

Apache:apache

Bsd:bsd

Ten, Linux, the thought of learning

① Everything is a file (including hardware)

② Small, single-use programs

③ linking programs and accomplishing complex tasks together

④ avoid confusing user interfaces

⑤ configuration data is stored in text

Xi. Get Linux distributions

CentOS

①http://mirrors.aliyun.com

②http://mirrors.sohu.com

③http://mirrors.163.com

④https://wiki.centos.org/download

This article is from the "sub-another Linuxer" blog, be sure to keep this source http://yacheng0316.blog.51cto.com/11878883/1948173

Basic Linux Knowledge