Eighth chapter, VIM editor

Eighth chapter, vim text editor chapter content

• Three main modes of using VI and VIM
• Move the cursor into insert mode
• Change, delete, copy text
• Undo Change
• Search Documents
• Vim Register
• Visualization and Multi-window
• Vim Help

Why use the VIM editor

1. All Unix like systems will be built into the vi text editor, and other text editors will not necessarily exist

2. Many of the individual software's editing interfaces will actively call VI

3. Vim has the ability to edit the program, can be active in font color to identify the correctness of the grammar, convenient programming

4. The program is simple, the editing speed is quite fast

Brief introduction

• Vi:visual Interface, Text editor
• Text: ASCII, Unicode
• Type of text editing:

Line Editor: SED

Full Screen Editor: Nano, VI

Nano:ctrl+o Save Enter confirm Ctrl+x exit

Vim-vi improved

• Other editors:

Gedit a simple graphical editor

Gvim a graphical version of the VIM editor

Open File

• # vim [OPTION] ... FILE ...

+#: After opening the file, leave the cursor at the beginning of line #, + default end of line

+/pattern: Immediately after opening the file, leave the cursor at the beginning of the first line that is matched to the PATTERN

–B file binary mode open files

–d file1 file2 ... Compare multiple Files

Ctrl+w let go right arrow key; Ctrl+w left ARROW key.

-m file read-only open files

• Ex file or vim–e directly into ex mode (Extended command mode)
• If the file exists, the file is opened and the content is displayed
• If the file does not exist, create it when you save it for the first time after editing

Vim: A pattern editor

• Keystroke behavior is a "pattern" that relies on vim
• Three main modes:

Command (Normal) mode: default mode, move cursor, cut/paste text (Red Hat official called Command mode) (this mode is mainly to view the file, of course, can also modify the file)

Insert (insert) or edit mode: Modify text

Extended commands (Extended command) mode: Save, exit, etc.

• ESC key to exit the current mode
• ESC key always returns to command mode

Mode conversion

• Command mode---insert mode

I:insert, enter at the cursor position

I: Input at the beginning of the line where the current cursor is located

A:append, enter after cursor location

A: Enter at the end of the line at the current cursor

O: Opens a new line below the line where the current cursor is located

O: Opens a new line above the line where the current cursor is located

• Insert mode--------> Command mode

Esc

• Command mode--------> Extended command mode

:

• Extended Command mode--------> Command mode

Esc,enter

Close File

• Extended mode:

: Q exit (no changes to file)

: q! Force exit, discard the modifications made

: Wq Save Exit

: X Save exit

: wq! Forced to save the exit (the file only read permissions, the administrator can force the save exit, the other user does not) the directory is located in the directories to 777, other users can, but the mechanism is to delete the original file, has built a new file, content is changed content.

• Command mode

ZZ: Save exit

ZQ: Do not save exit

Extended mode

• Press ":" To enter ex mode
• Create a command prompt: On the left side of the screen at the bottom
• Command:

W Write (Save) disk File

Wq Write and exit

X Write and exit

Q exit

Q! Do not save the log out, even if the changes are lost

R filename reads the contents of the file into the current file (: W filename Saves the current state to the new file)

W FileName writes the current file contents to another file

!command Execute command (Execute command temporarily, knock enter and go back to vim)

R!command read-in command output

Command mode cursor jump

• Jump between characters:

H: Left L: Right J: down K: Upper

#COMMAND: Jumps the number of characters specified by #

• Jump between words:

W: The first word of the next word (3+w jump 3 words)

E: The ending of the current or next word

B: The first word of the current or previous word

#COMMAND: Specifies the number of words to jump by # at one time

• Current page Jump:

H: Top M: Page Middle row L: Bottom of page

• Beginning line End Jump:

^: jumps to the first non-whitespace character at the beginning of a line

0: Jump to the beginning of the line

$: Jump to end of line

• Move between rows:

#G, extension mode: #: Jump to line specified by #

G: Last line

1G, GG: First line

• Move between sentences:

): The next sentence (: The previous sentence of which. Separate is a sentence

• Move between paragraphs:

}: Next paragraph {: Paragraphs where empty lines are separated

Command mode Flip screen operation

• CTRL+F: Flip a screen to the end of the file
• CTRL+B: Flip a screen to the file header
• Ctrl+d: Turn half screen at the end of the file
• Ctrl+u: Turn half screen to file header

Command mode operation

• Character editing:

X: Delete the character at the cursor

#x: Delete the # characters at the beginning of the cursor

XP: Swap the position of the character where the cursor is located and the character after it (ab to BA)

x: Clip Delete p: paste

~: Convert Case

J: Remove line breaks after the current line

• Replace command (R, replace)

R: Replace the character at the cursor (r, enter new character to replace the current character, replace one character)

R: Switch to replace mode (fourth mode: Replace mode, always replace the current character)

• Delete command:

D: Delete command, can be combined with the cursor jump character, to achieve range deletion

d$: Delete to end of line

d^: Delete to non-empty header

D0: Delete to the beginning of the line

DW: Delete a word

De: Delete forward

DB: Delete later

#COMMAND

• DD: Delete the line where the cursor is located

#dd: Multiline Delete (5DD delete 5 lines)

• D: Always delete from the current cursor position to the end of the line, leaving blank lines, equivalent to d$
• Copy command (y, yank):

Y: Copy, behaves similar to D command

y$

Y0

y^

Ye

yw

Yb

#COMMAND

• YY: Copying rows

#yy: Copying Multiple lines

Paste underneath the line where the cursor is located

• Y: Copy Entire row
• Paste command (P, paste):

P: If the buffer is an entire row, paste the current cursor below the row, or paste it at the end of the current cursor.

P: If the buffer is an entire row, the current cursor is pasted above the row, otherwise, it is pasted to the front of the current cursor position.

• changing commands (c, change)

C: Switch to insert mode after modification

• Command mode---insert mode

C $: Delete all content after the cursor

c^

C0

Cb

Ce

cw

#COMMAND

• CC: Delete the current line and enter new content, equivalent to S

#cc:

• C: Delete the current cursor to the end of the line and switch to insert mode

Command mode: Manipulating text

Command mode

• 100iwang [ESC] Paste "Wang" 100 times
• <start Position><command><end position>
• Command:

Y copy, d Delete, GU to uppercase, GU to lowercase

For example, the 0y$ command means:

0→ to the wardrobe first.

y→ start copying from here

$→ copy to the last character of the bank

Ye copy from the current position to the last character of this word

Extended Command mode: Address delimitation

• Address delimitation

: Start_pos,end_pos

# specific # lines, such as 2 for line 2nd

#,# from the left # represents the starting line to the right # indicates the end line

#,+# the starting line from the left # representation, plus the number of rows on the right #

: 2,+3 = 2 to 5 rows

. When moving forward

$ last line

., $-1 current line to penultimate line

% full text, equivalent to 1,$

• /pat1/,/pat2/

Start from the first line that is matched to the pat1 pattern, until the end of the line that is first matched to the PAT2 (note that the cursor position is one line ahead of the search line, or there will be fewer lines)

#,/pat/

/pat/,$

• How to use: followed by an edit command

D

Y

W File: Save a range of rows to a specified file

R file: Inserts all content from the specified file at the specified location

Extended Command mode: Find

• Find

/pattern: Looks at the end of the file from the current cursor location

? PATTERN: Finds the file header from the current cursor location

N: Same direction as command

N: Opposite direction of command

Extended Command mode: Find and replace

• S: Complete the Find and replace operation in extended mode

Format: s/What to look for/replace with content/modifiers

What to look for: Available modes

Replace with: cannot use mode, but can use \1, \2, ... You can also use the "&" reference to find the entire contents of the previous lookup

Modifier:

I: Ignore case

G: global substitution; By default, each row replaces only the first occurrence of the

%s/root/root/g

GC: Global substitution, asking before each replacement

• Find separators in substitutions/can be replaced with other characters, such as

[Email protected]/[email protected]/[email protected]: To prevent the replacement of content has a path, that need to escape the trouble.

s#/boot#/#i

: + Up and down keys to invoke the command you just executed

Command mode: Undo Changes

• U Undo Recent Changes
• #u撤销之前多次更改
• U undo cursor falls on this line after all the changes of this row
• Press Ctrl-r to redo the final undo change (cancel the undo just now)
• . Repeat the previous action (repeat the action just now)
• N. Repeat the previous action n times

Vim Register

• There are 26 named registers and 1 unnamed registers, often with different clipboard content, can be shared between different sessions
• Register name A, b,..., z, format: "Registers are placed between numbers and commands

Example: 3 "tyy means copying 3 rows to the T register

"TP means to paste the contents of the T register

• Unspecified, no named registers will be used
• There are 10 digital registers, denoted by 0,1,...,9, 0 stores the most recently copied content, and 1 stores the most recently deleted content. When new text changes and deletions, 1 dumps to 2, 2 dumps to 3, and so on. Digital registers cannot be shared between different sessions

Editing a binary file

• Open a file in binary mode

Vim–b Binaryfile

• Extended command mode, using the XXD command to convert to a readable hexadecimal

:%!xxd

• Editing a binary file
• In extended command mode, use the XXD command to convert back to binary

:%!xxd–r

See what is the 16 binary of a?

Echo A>f1;hexdump-c F1

• Save exit

Visualization mode

• Allow selection of text blocks

V Character-oriented

V Line-oriented

CTRL-V Block-oriented

shift+ > Indent Right (select and indent first)

• Visualization keys can be used in conjunction with the move key:

W)} arrows, etc.

• Highlighted text can be deleted, copied, changed, filtered, searched, replaced, etc.

Multi-file Mode

• Vim FILE1 FILE2 FILE3 ...

: Next Next

:p Rev A previous

: First One

: Last One

: Wall Save All

: Qall Quit all

: Wqall

Use more than one "window"

• Multi-file Segmentation

Vim-o|-o FILE1 FILE2 ...

-O: Horizontal split

-O: Vertical split

Switch between windows: Ctrl+w, Arrow (ctrl+w let go, then press left and RIGHT ARROW keys)

• Single File Window segmentation:

Ctrl+w,s:split, Horizontal split

Ctrl+w,v:vertical, Vertical split

Ctrl+w,q: Canceling adjacent windows

Ctrl+w,o: Cancel All windows

: Wqall exit

Customizing the working characteristics of vim

• Configuration file: Permanently valid

Global:/ETC/VIMRC

Personal: ~/.VIMRC (recommended, put the following command into the file last, permanent)

• Extended mode: Current VIM process is valid

(1) Line number

Display: Set number, abbreviated as set Nu

Cancel display: Set Nonumber, abbreviated to set Nonu

(2) Case of ignoring characters

Enable: Set IC

Do not ignore: set Noic

(3) Auto Indent

Enable: Set AI

Disabled: Set Noai

(4) Smart indent

Enabled: Smartindent shorthand set Si

Disabled: Set Nosi

(5) Highlight Search

Enabled: Set Hlsearch

Disabled: Set Nohlsearch

(6) syntax highlighting

Enabled: Syntax on

Disabled: Syntax off

(7) Display tab and line break ^i and display

Enabled: Set list

Disabled: Set Nolist

(8) file format

Enable Windows format: Set Fileformat=dos

Enable UNIX format: set Fileformat=unix

Shorthand: Set Ff=dos|unix

(9) Set text width

Enabled: Set textwidth=65 (VIM only)

Disabled: Set WRAPMARGIN=15 (right-to-left)

(10) Set the identification line of the line where the cursor is located

Enabled: Set Cursorline, abbreviated CUL

Disabled: Set no Cursorline

(11) Copy retention format

Enabled: Set paste

Disabled: Set Nopaste

Learn More

• Set Help

: Help Option-list

: Set Or:set All

• Vi/vim built-in Help

: Help

: Help Topic

Use:q to exit Help

• Vimtutor (Command-line command)

Eighth chapter, VIM editor