1. Coal resources and their characteristics in China
- Total coal reserves World first, recoverable reserves world second.
- The distribution of coal resources is not uniform, generally north more south less, Sidodon less, of which: Jin + Shaanxi + Mongolia (accounting for 40.6% of total reserves), Xinjiang + Gansu + Ningxia + Qinghai (40.1%), the two places add up 80.7%, resource distribution and resource consumption is not coordinated.
- Suitable for open-pit mining products, only 7%, the main coal is lignite, low calorific value.
2. Development history of China's coal industry
- 80 ago was planned economy.
- From the 80 's to the 90 's, the extensive development, the small coal development is more, 61,000/64,000 is the small coal mine
- 99 to 2012, the closure of small coal mines, governance and reorganization.
3. Characteristics of China's coal industry
- The dominant position in energy production and consumption, is the pillar industry of national economy, is an important basic energy and raw material, has a strategic position.
- Coal mining industry chain is longer: coal-electricity (55%-60% coal for power generation), building materials, electrolytic aluminum, gasification, chemical, coking, liquefaction (coal to oil)
- Affected by economic development is relatively large, the overall and economic development in sync. National GDP growth of 1% per cent, need to pull coal demand growth 0.5%~0.6%
4. Current situation and problems of China's coal industry
- Present situation:
- Basic industry, the proportion of energy consumption is always maintained at about 70%, less than 20% of oil, coal in our country can occupy a dominant position in energy, is cheap, domestic, stable supply, effectively support economic development and energy security.
- Supply and demand overall balance, local demand, coastal coal demand is large, but most of the distribution in the west and north; the main coal consumption industry: electricity, metallurgy, chemical and building materials.
- The bottleneck of transportation will be long-term, because the distribution of coal and its consumption area is not balanced.
- A problem exists:
- The overall technical level is relatively low, production conditions are complex, coal mine labor productivity is low;
- Some coal enterprises adopt thick and thin, waste serious, average resource recovery in 30%~35, abroad in about 60%;
- Market concentration is low, CR4 (production ratio of the four largest enterprises) is 18.8%, far behind the developed countries, resource integration is the trend;
- The security situation has improved considerably, but the situation is still grim. The 2012 million tonnes of coal mortality was 0.374. The state-owned large coal mine has good safety condition, complicated condition and small-scale enterprise security condition is not good.
- Excess coal production capacity, environmental deterioration in mining areas (water resources are destroyed, farmland and land resources are used, direct gas pollution, waste heap pollution); the pollution caused by producing one ton of coal is 9 yuan, and one ton of Coke is 21 yuan.
5. Basic concepts of mine mining
- Well Lane name
- Main shaft transporting coal, auxiliary shaft transporting material
- Mine production system and equipment
- Mining sequence of studied
- First, mining the above seam and then mining the coal seam below.
Into the mine-the current situation of China's coal industry and the basic concept of mine mining
