From a 0-based rookie of mine, slowly touching the Linux operating system
Some basic small commands:
Normal user switch root command:
su-
Password: ************
Install the interface into the graphical interface command: StartX &
Setting the locale: Local
Localectl-h
Localectl List-locales
English: Zh_cn.utf8
Localectl Set-locale Lang=zh_cn.utf8
Make sure the firewall is turned off: Iptables-l-N
CentOS 7:systemctl Disable Firewalld.service temporarily disable firewall
: Systemctl stop Firewalld.service Permanently shuts down the firewall
CentOS 6:service iptables Stop temporarily disable firewall
: Chkconfig iptables off permanently shuts down the firewall
Virtual Terminal: Ctrl+alt+f{1-6}
Graphics Terminal: CentOS 6:ctrl+alt+f7
CentOS 7: Which virtual terminal is launched at that virtual terminal
Physical Terminal:/dev/console
Virtual Terminal:/dev/tty[1-6]
Serial terminal:/dev/ttys[1-6]
Pseudo Terminal:/dev/pts/[1-6]
View End devices: TTY
Viewing interface programs: Echo $SHELL echo Echoes
Start GUI: Run command on a virtual Terminal interface: STARTX $
CLI Interface: Command line interface: [[email protected] ~]# command
Root: currently logged in user
Makang: Host name of the current host, not in full format. The full format here is: Makangbo
~: The directory where the user is currently located (current Directoru), also known as the Working directory (working directory)
#: Command Prompt
#: Administrator account, root, with the highest privileges, able to perform all operations
$: Normal user, non-root user, no administrative rights, cannot perform system management class operation
Note: It is recommended to log in with a non-admin account;
The executive administrator temporarily switches to the administrator and returns when the operation is complete
Configure IP:
Vim/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-erh0
Temporarily modify host name: hostname ****** effective command: Bash
Shortcut keys:
Ctrl+f1 graphical interface 2-6 character interface
CHVT: Switch terminal commands, for example chvt1-6
Hostnam: View current host name
Lsb_release-a viewing the current system version
Cat/etc/issue Login Prompt language information
LSCPU viewing CPUs
Nuame-r View Kernel version Unix
Who am I view and user groups
INIT3 Closing the graphical interface
Systemctl Poweroff CentOS 7 shutdown
Systenctl reboot Restart command
Poweroff General Command shutdown
Reboot Universal Restart
Halt shut down the machine
TTY View current terminal equipment
Ifconfig or IP Addr List view the IP address of the active interface
Echo Echoes
Ping probes the connectivity between the target host of the network and the current host
CTRL + C terminating command execution
History Management Command Histories
Clear Clear Screen
Terminal Terminal Equipment Console Console
Physical Terminal: Direct access to the local display and keyboard equipment/dev/console
Shell Translator
The shell is the user interface of the Linux system and provides an interface for users to interact with the kernel. It receives the command entered by the user and feeds it into the kernel to execute.
The shell is also known as the Linux command interpreter (interpreter)
Shell is a high-level programming language
CLI command line Shell Common Bash
Cat/etc/shells shows all shell types supported by the current system
Echo $SHELL shows the SHELL currently in use
[[email protected] ~]# echo $PS 1 View variables
[\[email protected]\h \w]\$
There are two types of commands that can be executed in the shell:
Internal command: The shell comes with, and the Enable Divas can be enabled or disabled by a command
External command: There is a corresponding executable program file under a file system path of the current system; Which,whereis
Type * * * * distinguish the command currently in use as an internal or external command
Hash view external command path cache displays the number of command executions clear cache Hash-r
ENABLE-N * * * * For example: cd disable internal command
Enable CD to open the Forbidden command
which * * * * can only view external command paths
Alias ****=**** View alias command information
Unalias Deleting aliases
Whereis viewing programs and help document paths
Command + options + parameters
Date and time displayed
Two clocks: by the Linux kernel through the CPU's operating frequency
Clock Display hardware clocks
-S,--hctosys to calibrate the system clock, whichever is the hardware clock
-W,--SYSTOHC with system always, correct hardware clock
Cal Display Calendar view which year which month the way Cal 2 2016 view 2016 February
Nano Text Editor
Small entertainment in the graphical interface: appear small fish alt+f2 input Free the fish
Open NEW: Screen create user screen-s MKB join user screen-x MKB
Exit and Close: Exit
Stripping Current: Ctrl+a,d
Show all open: Screen-ls
Restore a: screen-r [session]
echo command
Function: Display characters
Syntax: Echo [-nee][string]
Description: Echo will send the input and exit strings to standard output. The output string is separated by a blank character, and a newline number is added at the end
Ceho "$VAR _name": Variables are replaced, double quotes indicate weak references
Echo ' $VAR _name ': variable does not replace, strong reference
$echo-E "file Name:\c"
Echo needs to use the-e parameter to print escape characters
echo Command options:
-N does not wrap characters at the end of the line
-E If the following character appears in the string, it is handled in particular, not as a general text output:
\a issued a warning sound;
\b Backspace key
\c finally not add the line break symbol;
\ n Wraps and the cursor moves to the beginning of the line;
\ r The cursor moves to the beginning of the line, but does not wrap;
\ t Insert tab;
\ \ insert \ character;
\onnn Insert nnn (octal) represents the ASCII character echo-e "\033[43;31mred Color\033[om"
\XHH Insert the ASCII represented by HH (hex)
command-line extensions, enclosed collections
command-line Extension: $ () or ' '
Print the output of a command to the soul parameters of a command
$ echo "*****$ (hostname)"
$ echo "I am ' whoami '"
Bracket extension: {}
Print a simplified form of a repeating string
Echo file{1,3,5}
File1 File3 File5
Rm-f file{1,3,5}
Tab
Command completion
Internal command:
External command: Bash defines the path according to the paths environment variable, from left to right in each
The path searches for a file named after the given command, which is the command to be executed the first time it is found
The user-given string has only one unique command, which is directly complementary otherwise, the tab will give the list
Path Completion:
Takes the user-given string as the beginning of the path and searches for the file name at the beginning of the specified string, under its specified ancestor directory
If only: the direct complement
Otherwise: tab to the list again
Reset command Line interface
Touch "file name" to create a file
Centos7:mandb Creating a Help database
Centos6:makewhatis Creating a Help database
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Brother Pony
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Getting Started with Linux basics