Linux admin1.5 (zoning planning and use, LVM logical volume, swap space)

admin1.5

Zoning Planning and use:

Hard disk partition management:

Use the Fdisk partitioning tool:

View a list of partitions:--fdisk-l/DEV/SDA

To modify a partition table for a hard disk:--fdisk/dev/vdb

Common Interactive Commands:

-M: list instruction help;

-P: View existing partition table;

-N: New partition;

-D: Delete partition;

-Q: Discard changes and exit;

-W: Save changes and exit;

identify the new partition table : Use the Partprobe command;

----When the partition table of the hard disk is changed, it is necessary to notify the Linux kernel of the change of partition table, preferably reboot once;

----may not be able to find an accurate device when accessing the partition;

#partprobe/dev/vdb or #reboot

To format a partition:

Common formatting tools:
MKFS Tool Set:

----MKFS.ETC3 Partition device path

----MKFS.ETC4 Partition device path

----MKFS.XFS Partition device path

Create file System: Format partitions according to different types

#mkfs. ext4/dev/vdb2

#mkfs. xfs/dev/vdb3

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Accessing the file system

To access a formatted partition:

Mount using the Mount command and access the test:

#mount/mnt/part2

#mount/dev/vdb2/mnt/part2

#cp/etc/fstab/mnt/part2/fstab.txt

#ls/mnt/part2

To automatically mount the boot:

Record format for configuration file/etc/fstab

---device path----mount point----Type-----Parameters-----Backup tag-------detection sequence

#mkdir/MNT/PART3//Create mount point

#vim/etc/fstab

#mount-A//detection configuration

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LVM logical Volumes

To create a new logical Volume:

How LVM works:

A logical layer added in the middle of "Partition"-------"Formatting"

--------physical volumes stored----scattered space

----Consolidated Virtual Disk-----Volume Group

----a virtual partition------------logical Volume

LVM Management toolset:

Functional------------------------Physical Volume management---------------Volume Group Management-----------------Logical Volume management

Scan Scan-----------------pvscan-----------------------vgscan---------------------Lvscan

Create--------------pvcreate-------------------vgcreate-------------------lvcreate

Display displays-------------pvdisplay------------------vgdisplay-----------------lvdisplay

Remove delete-------------pvremove------------------vgremove----------------lvremove

Extend extension---------------------------------------------vgextend-----------------lvtend

LVM rapid Deployment and use:

Basic ideas:

Prepare at least one free partition (DEV/VDB1)

Create Volume Group: vgcreate Volume Group name Idle partition

Create Logical Volume: Lvcreate-l size-N name Volume group name

Integrated zoning Planning

PE size for LVM volume group

To set the PE size when creating a volume group---

--#vgcreate-S PE size volume group name free partition ....

Specify the number of PE---when creating a logical volume

--#lvcreate-L PE number-n Logical name Volume group name

To extend the logical volume size:

Check the existing logical volume size:

Using the Lvscan command, find the logical volume size, Volume group name:

Check the remaining space of the volume group to see if the name meets the expansion requirements;

To extend a volume group:

When the volume group has insufficient remaining space, the volume group needs to be expanded first:

Extended Volume Group: vgextend Volume Group name Idle partition

To extend a logical volume:

The logical volume can be expanded directly when the volume group has sufficient remaining space

Extended Logical Volume: lvextend-l New size/dev/Volume group name/Logical volume name

Update file system size

--For a formatted logical volume, the Linux kernel should be notified after the extension

To refresh file system capacity:

RESIZE2FS EXT3/4 device Xfs-growfs XFS device

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Managing Swap Space

Preparing swap partitions

What is swap space : equivalent to Virtual memory

---Use disk space to simulate memory when physical memory is insufficient;

---to some extent, alleviate the memory shortage problem;

---swap partition: Serves as the swap space with an idle partition;

---swap file: The swap space that the device that the file simulates is acting as;

How to create a swap partition:

---will provide the device with the swap command to format-----MKSWAP free partition or device file

#blkid/DEV/VDB6//view device block ID

Use swap partition:

Enable control for swap space:

To manually manage your device:

--#swapon/DEV/VDB7//Enable

--#swap-S//view

--#swapoff/dev/vdb7//Deactivate

Power-on Mount configuration for switching devices:

Modifying the/etc/fstab configuration file

Format: Swap device swap swap defaults 0 0

#vim/etc/fstab

#swapon-A//start fstab available switching device;

#swapon-S//view

This article is from the Linux OPS blog, so be sure to keep this source http://13401400.blog.51cto.com/13391400/1977887

Linux admin1.5 (zoning planning and use, LVM logical volume, swap space)