Linux O & M engineers are required to learn 8 IT skills

Linux O & M engineers are required to learn 8 IT skills

After I grew up as a Linux engineer, I realized that the journey was far from complete. I am very grateful to my colleagues and teachers who have supported me. You encouraged me to stick to it and establish a foothold in this industry.

If you are studying Linux, we strongly recommend that you choose RHEL and Centos as the Linux release version. They are the most popular among companies and enterprises. After all, apart from their own hobbies, the second is for employment. Centos is a clone version of RHEL, which is free of charge. There is no difference between the two releases. To become a Linux engineer, you only need to master the following skills, and there is no problem in daily work.

1. Solid Foundation

Imagine if there is no solid foundation, how to view file types, view system running status, edit files, output files, create users, assign account permissions, use RAID technology and LVM disk arrays, and other basic knowledge, be sure to have a solid grasp to go further. I bought a book about basic skills and learned it from Linux. This is my technical first book, which is very good.

2. Build services

There are many types of services on Linux, and each company uses different services. However, the most common and basic services must be learned, for ftp, Bind, DHCP, and SAMBA services, you need to understand simple configurations, while LNMP and LAMP must be quite skillful. You must not only be familiar with the configurations in the services, every company uses Web servers. Therefore, apache and nginx must be mastered. Some companies use tomcat, so nginx technology should be improved. The company's network has been roughly deployed, and you do not need to consider the network problem, but do not know about the poor network base, or even the IP address, subnet mask, then please pick up the CCNA book to learn.

3. Scripting

Shell language is a must for you to engage in this industry. If this is not the case, you should wash and sleep. Some simple system management shell scripts are also the most common and used. Do not consider CPU utilization, memory usage, and other numbers. In fact, it may not solve your problem. The most meaningful thing is the system script. Another language used is the current popular Python, which features high program efficiency and concise and clear syntax to achieve our automated O & M.

4. commands for manipulating text files: sed, awk, and grep

These three powerful commands are called the three swordsmen in the Linux field. Sed and awk must also be mastered, and the work is also the most used. The grep command is a powerful text search tool that uses regular expressions to search for text and print Matching lines. Sed is a streamlined and non-interactive editor that can execute the same editing tasks as editing vi and emacs. However, sed editor does not provide interactive usage, you can only enter the edit command in the command line. Awk is a programming language that provides powerful functions for document processing. awk is good at extracting data from formatted packets or from a large text file. At the same time, you need to master regular expressions, and use them in combination with sed and awk will be more powerful and useful in Text Processing and web filtering.

5. MariaDB Database

MySQL was the most widely used database in Linux before, and it was a pity that the MySQL database management system was closed from open source to closed after it was acquired by Oracle, as a result, MariaDB is selected for many Linux distributions, including red hat. No matter which database you use, you must master the basic commands for Data creation, deletion, addition, query, backup, and recovery.

6. Firewalld and Iptables

In the Red Hat RHEL7 system, the Firewalld service replaces the Iptables service. In the old server version, Iptables still exists and must be used. Firewall is a difficult problem. You will feel dizzy with various rules. In order to ensure the safe operation of the Linux system, the firewall must pass through the cut, the specific introduction can see the "Linux on this learning" book chapter 8: http://www.linuxprobe.com/chapter-08.html

7. Monitoring zabbix and nagios

Real-time server operation feedback relies entirely on a good monitoring tool to promptly and effectively handle problems and avoid greater losses. For beginners, Nagios is simple, intuitive, and easy to use, but the zabbix interface is more beautiful, and it is more difficult to get started because of its many functions. For enterprise monitoring applications, both of them can achieve large-scale monitoring, both of which are sufficient to meet user needs, without being absolutely good or bad. Zabbix is open-source commercial software, and Nagios is a combination of free software plug-ins. Learn it all!

8. rsync backup data

Data is the most valuable asset of an enterprise. data must be well protected. The principles of RAID should be well understood and configured, the data structure of enterprises should be known, and multiple backup methods should be used to ensure data security. Rsync retains the permissions, time, and soft and hard links of the original file, and can mirror and save the entire directory tree and file system. With backup, you can restore the original data from the backup, regardless of the device failure.

Mastering these technologies is already competent as an O & M engineer. Welcome to Linux O & M. It is not easy to stick to it here. The most important thing to learn about Linux is to press the keyboard, which is not as graphic as Windows. The advantage is that Linux does not have a graphical interface to save memory. For Linux beginners, we recommend that you do not install the Linux system on bare metal. To learn about Linux, you are looking for abuse. Some misoperations may cause data loss or you need to set up a test service and delete the previously configured items, you can use virtual machines to quickly restore previous snapshots and improve your learning efficiency. Good luck to you and become a Linux O & M attacker as soon as possible.