Linux operating System basics----Linux Learning Diary

Linux Operating System Basics

First, the history of Linux
The first computer system was developed by the three organizations of GE, BELL, and MIT using assembly language to jointly develop Multics. This is the earliest operating system.
The Bell Lab's Ken used the DEC company's PDP-7 computer to develop UNICs based on Multics, which was the predecessor of UNIX. Then Bell made the UNIX industry.
At the same time, PC compatible machines and cp/m systems began to appear. Microsoft was also established to distribute the DOS system modeled after cp/m.
Jobs started producing APPLE1
Xerox Park developed the first mouse and first graphical interface system
Jobs bought the operating system from Xerox.
Microsoft's Bill Gates obtained the system from jobs and modified it to Windows.
During this time, there were several branches in Linux
FreeBSD World's first running Linux on a PC, dedicated to running on PC
OpenBSD Focus on safety
NetBSD Focus on Service
Apple2 future operating system is the kernel of FreeBSD
Bill Joy and his partner set up Sun Microsystem Company to develop the predecessor of the Sun OS system later Solaris. Proprietary hardware platform system, very powerful system. It was later acquired by Oracle for $6.7 billion for poor operation.
Dec was acquired by Microsoft and the VMs were modified to produce a Windows NT system, which has changed from DOS to VMS
Professor Andrew of a Dutch university wrote the Minix system in the style of UNIX. Linus's teacher.
Linus Linux kernel based on UNIX system
Stallman that the process is the crystallization of the wisdom of all mankind, not for some rogue companies. Launch of the GNU movement
Gun:gun is not Unix
Gpl:general Public License is the GNU Manifesto
Stallman to the world. Emacs (Text editor), GCC (C language compiler)
But Stallman has not provided the kernel to the GNU organization. Then Linus announced that he would join GNU. The Linux kernel joins the Gcc,bash to produce the gnu/linux system. These are the source code.
Linux Publishers
1991 SLS Organization was established
1992 Debian was established, providing the DPT package Manager
1993 Redhat set up, modeled DPT provides RPM package Manager
Three university students in Germany issue SuSE
So the Linux kernel has Linus maintenance, the software has GNU maintenance, the Publisher compiles the source code
LGPL protocol
GPLv2
GPLv3
BSD Open Source Agreement
Apache Open Source Protocol
Open Source: Developing sources,
Freedom: Free access, free revision, free learning
Redhat Series
Redhat
CentOS Organization: Community Enterprise OS Community Business operating System (Community Edition Red Hat System)
The only difference from Red Hat is that no service guarantee is provided.
Fedora Organization: 2003 Red Hat donated a personal edition to Fedora. Provide test usage for enterprise level
Mandriva Organization: Main features in the desktop
SuSE acquired by Novell (NetWare) and openSUSE
Debian is currently the only system that is not supported by commercial companies, and is the most technologically advanced and least accessible.
Release edition Ubuntu focuses on personal pc
Two releases of Mint based on Ubuntu

Second, the function of the kernel
The kernel of a general operating system should have the following functions to meet the needs of basic functions:

• • Process Management
• • Memory management
• • Provide file functionality
• • Provides network functionality
• • Provides hardware drivers

• • Provide security mechanisms
    Third, the Shell interface of Linux
    The Linux user interface is divided into a graphical interface and a command line interface.

    Shell of the command line:
    Sh
    Bash
    Csh
    Ksh
    Zsh
    Tcsh
    The default shell is bash, and at bash the prompt for # represents the root user, and the prompt is representative of the average user. After the user enters the command, the command is sent to the kernel, and the kernel determines whether it has execute permissions.

    图形shell：            x-windows            gnome            kde            xface

    Virtual Terminal:
    After logging into the Linux host, you can switch the display terminal via CTRL+ALT+F1 to F6.

Iv. Basic principles of Linux

        1、由目的单一的小程序组成        2、一切皆文件        3、尽量避免捕获用户接口        4、配置文件保存为纯文本格式

Linux operating System basics----Linux Learning Diary