[Oracle]-linux Installation oracle.11g illustration

About Oracle

Oracle Database, also known as Oracle RDBMS, or Oracle. is a relational database management system of Oracle Corporation. It is a leading product in the field of database. It can be said that Oracle database system is currently the world's popular relational database management system, System portability, easy to use, strong function, applicable to all kinds of large, medium, small, microcomputer environment. It is a highly efficient and reliable database solution that adapts to high throughput.

Advantages: 1, the availability of strong

2, the scalability of strong

3. Strong data security

4. Strong stability

Oracle Logical Structure

It consists of at least one Tablespace and database schema object. Here, a pattern is a collection of objects, whereas a schema object is a logical structure that directly references database data.

Schema objects include structures such as tables, views, sequences, stored procedures, synonyms, indexes, clusters, and database chains. Logical storage structures include table spaces, segments, and scopes that describe how to use the physical space of a database.

In short, logical structures consist of logical storage structures (table spaces, segments, scopes, blocks) and logical data structures (tables, views, sequences, stored procedures, synonyms, indexes, clusters, and database chains), where schema objects (logical data structures) and relationships form the relational design of the database.

Segment: is a logical storage structure of a specified type in a tablespace that consists of one or more scopes that occupy and grow storage space.

The paragraph includes:

Data segment: Used to store table data;

Index segment: Used to store table index;

Temporary segment: Used to store intermediate results;

Rollback segment: Used when an exception occurs, the transaction is resumed, and the thing is rolled back.

Scope: is the logical unit of database storage space allocation, a range consists of a number of contiguous data blocks, the scope is assigned by the segment, the first scope of the allocation is called the initial range, and the later assigned range is called the increment range.

Block: is the smallest unit of the database for IO operations, and it is not a concept with the operating system block. Instead of requesting data in the block of the operating system, the Oracle database is in multiple Oracle database blocks.

Oracle File Structure

The physical storage structure of the database consists of a number of physical files, including data files, control files, redo log files, archive log files, parameter files, password files, warning files, etc.

Control file: A binary file that stores information such as instances, data files, and log files.

Data file: Stores the data with a suffix of. dbf. Bottom line: A tablespace to multiple data files, one data file for only one table space.

Log file: Redo log files and archivelog files. Records database modification information.

Parameter file: Record basic parameters. SPFile and Pfile.

Warning file: Show parameter Background_dump_dest---Use a shared server connection

Trace files: Show parameter User_dump_dest---Use a dedicated server connection

Oracle Architecture

Oracle Memory Architecture

program code (PL/SQL, Java)

Information necessary to run the program

Communicating and sharing information between Oracle processes

About connected session information, including all current active and inactive sessions

Database information is stored in the SGA

ORACLE.DATABASE.11G Installation

This trial CentOS6.5 system, before installing Oracle to pay attention to hardware requirements, memory minimum of 4GB, virtual memory is twice times the physical memory, disk 40G or so

Pre-use command, post-installation needs to use a graphical installation, for convenience, full use of init5 graphical interface, need to prepare [Oracle Font Library Zysong] Support Chinese

centos6.5.iso/rhel5.5.iso/oracle_database_11g. R2. X64.iso

Preparation phase

1. Set the IP address:

[Email protected] ~]# Cat/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

2. Check the operating system version:

[Email protected] ~]# cat/etc/redhat-release

CentOS Release 6.5 (Final)

3. View memory Information

[[email protected] ~]# grep memtotal/proc/meminfo

4. View disk space

[Email protected] ~]# DF-HT/

5. Modify Host Name

[Email protected] ~]# vim/etc/sysconfig/network
Modify:
Hostname=ocracle.com

OR

Hostname oracle.com

Bash

6. View Swap partition

[[email protected] ~]# grep swaptotal/proc/meminfo

7. Set up Domain name resolution

[Email protected] ~]# vim/etc/hosts
Add to:
172.16.1.1 oracle.com

8. Adjust kernel parameters

FS.AIO-MAX-NR =1048576FS.file-max =6815744Kernel.shmall=2097152Kernel.shmmax=536870912Kernel.shmmni=4096Kernel.sem= - 32000  -  -Net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500Net.core.rmem_default=262144Net.core.rmem_max=4194304Net.core.wmem_default=262144Net.core.wmem_max=1048586

9. Install package with Yum (CD-ROM mounted to/mnt, centos6.5)

Yum Install binutils compat-libstdc++-gccgcc make

Yum installation may error, is a cache problem, the following is the workaround

Yum Clean AllYummakecacherpm-ihv/mnt/packages/ksh-20120801-Ten. el6.x86_64.rpmrpm-ihv/mnt/packages/libaio-devel-0.3.107-Ten. el6.x86_64.rpmrpm-ihv/mnt/packages/numactl-devel-2.0.7-8. el6.x86_64.rpmrpm-ihv/mnt/packages/unixodbc-2.2. -- A. el6_3.x86_64.rpmrpm-ihv/mnt/packages/unixodbc-devel-2.2. -- A. el6_3.x86_64.rpm# install these plug-in packages individually with RPM

Mount rhel5.5 disc, need to unload the previous CD, use Umount/dev/cdrom, need to uninstall multiple times

[Email protected] ~]# rpm-~]# rpm-ivh/mnt/server/pdksh-5.2. -~]#rpm-ivh/mnt/server/ksh-20100202-1. el5.i386.rpm (re-installed)

Chinese support

(Oracle Font library zysong.zipmkdir -p/usr/share/fonts/zh_cn/unzip Zysong. Zip  CP Zysong.ttf/usr/share/fonts/zh_cn/truetype

10. User & Group Creation

~]# useradd-goinstall-passwdmkdir /opt/  chown -Roracle:oinstall/opt/chmod775 /opt/oracle

11. Changing Environment variables

022 export oracle_base=/opt/oracleexport oracle_home= $ORACLE _base/product/11.2/db_ 1export oracle_sid=orclexport LANG=zh_cn. utf-8export Nls_lang="simplified Chinese_china. Al32utf8"export PATH= $ORACLE _home/bin: $PATHexport DISPLAY=:0.0

12. Resource Limitations

 vim/etc/pam.d/login   add: Session required /lib/security/pam_limits.sosession required Pam_limits.sovim /etc/securit Y/limits.conf added: Oracle soft nproc  8192oracle hard nproc  16384  oracle soft nofile  32768  oracle Hard nofile  65536  oracle Soft stack  10240  

 [[email protected] ~]# vim/etc/profile add:  if  [$USER =  " oracle   "];      then  if  [$SHELL =  " /bin/ksh   "]; then   ulimit -p 16384   Ulimit -n 65536  else Ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536  fi  fi  

Restart after correct confirmation

Installing Oracle

Mount the image first, check the permissions, if the permissions are not 775 unmount, re-mount, repeatedly

Create the location of the Oracle database/database, copy all the files in the CD

mkdir /cp -rf/mnt/*  /database/

This command needs to be executed, otherwise it may be an error, Xhost is used to control the X server access rights

Xhost +
###########
#xhost + is to enable all users to access Xserver.

#xhost + IP enables users on the IP to access xserver

This time to switch users to use the Oracle installation, the permissions of the installation should be more than a few times, or will not pass the error

The following instructions have been passed for hardware detection

Oracle Graphical installation Operations

1, because we are the experimental step, between the next, the real environment needs to fill in the DBA's e-mail

2. Choose to create and configure the database, because the database is installed for the first time

3. Select Server Class

4. Select Single Instance Database

5. Typical Installation

6, the related configuration path, here need to pay attention to carefully check, management password is password, need at least one uppercase, a lowercase, a number, at least 8 bits

7, the Inventory directory needs to be specified in the following Oracle, easy to find

8, the detection through, the package is there, you can find, the upper right corner ignore can, and then click Finish

9, long-time installation

~]#/opt/oracle/orainventory/orainstroot. SH            // Change/opt/oracle Permissions [Email protected] ~]#/opt/oracle/product/11.2/db_1/root. SH              // Adjust root permissions for/opt/cracle

Verify:

1. Use the browser to access https://oracle.com:1158/em/.

User: Sys

Password: Com12345

Type: sysoracle

2. Log in to the database using commands

[Email protected] ~]#su-Oracle[[email protected]~]$ Sqlplus sys/Cheney123 as Sysdbasql*plus:release11.2.0.1.0Production on Friday November -  the:Geneva: -  .Copyright (c)1982, the, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connect to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release11.2.0.1.0-64bit Productionwith The partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real application testing Optionssql>

[Oracle]-linux Installation oracle.11g illustration