Python Note 8: Network programming

Python has built-in libraries that encapsulate many common network protocols, so Python is a powerful network programming tool, a simple description of Python's network aspect programming.

urllib and URLLIB2 modules

Urllib and URLLIB2 are the strongest network working libraries in the Python standard library. Here is a brief introduction to the next Urllib module. The main use of the Urllib module in the common several modules:

Urlopenparseurlencodequoteunquote_safe_quotersunquote_plus

GET Request:

Use Urllib to make a GET request for the HTTP protocol and get the return value of the interface:

 from  urllib.request import   Urlopen 
 URL  =  "  http://127.0.0.1:5000/login?username=admin&password=123456   " Span style= "COLOR: #008000" >#   open URL  #  urllib.request.urlopen (URL)  #  Span style= "COLOR: #008000" > Open the URL and read the data, return the result is bytes type: b ' {\ n "code": $, \ n "msg": "\xe6\x88\x90\xe5\x8a\x9f\xef\xbc\ x81 "\n}\n '  res = Urlopen (URL). Read ()  print   #   convert bytes type to string  print  (Res.decode ()) 

POST request:

 fromUrllib.requestImportUrlopen fromUrllib.parseImportUrlEncode
URL='Http://127.0.0.1:5000/register'#request parameters, written as JSON type, followed by automatic conversion to key-value formdata = {    "username":"55555",    "pwd":"123456",    "confirmpwd":"123456"}#use UrlEncode () to stitch the Key-value in the request parameter (dictionary)#stitching into username=hahaha&pwd=123456&confirmpwd=123456#use Encode () to convert a string to bytesparam =urlencode (data). Encode ()#output Result: B ' pwd=123456&username=hahaha&confirmpwd=123456 'Print(param)#POST request, incoming request parameters requiredres =urlopen (URL, param). Read () Res_str=Res.decode ()Print(Type (RES_STR), RES_STR)

Note: When using Urllib to request the Post interface, the above example, the request parameter type of the Post interface is Key-value form, does not apply the JSON form into the parameter.

Quote Module

Escape processing when there are special characters in the URL of the request.

 from Import UrlEncode, quote, _safe_quoters, unquote, Unquote_plus
"#URL contains special characters, escape special characters, output: Https%3a//www.baidu.com/%3ftn%3d57095150_2_oem _dg%3a. %2c%5c%20new_url = quote (URL3)print(new_url)

Unquote module

Resolves an escaped special character.

 fromUrllib.parseImportUrlEncode, quote, _safe_quoters, unquote, Unquote_plus
Url4='https%3a//www.baidu.com/%3ftn%3d57095150_2_oem_dg%3a..%2c%5c%20'#Resolves the escaped special character to a special characterNew_url =unquote (URL4)#output Result: https://www.baidu.com/?tn=57095150_2_oem_dg:..,\Print(New_url)#maximum degree of resolutionPrint('Plus:', Unquote_plus (URL4))

The above is a brief introduction of the next Urllib, on the interface processing also please refer to requests module ~ ~ ~

Python Note 8: Network programming