How can I find out the performance of a Linux PC?

How can I find out the performance of a Linux PC?
GuideA benchmark is a test or a series of tests used to determine how well a computer's hardware is running. In many cases, "Benchmarking" is actually equivalent to "stress testing ". By testing the hardware limits, we can then compare the measured results with those measured by other hardware.

Most benchmarking tests are intended to simulate the workload that PCs encounter in actual situations. Because of this, Benchmark Testing is almost the only way to get quantitative data and learn about system performance-if your data is unsatisfactory, it means you should upgrade some PC components.

I. Integrated Benchmark Testing

An integrated Benchmark Testing Tool is also called a benchmark test suite, just like its name: they test and measure all aspects of the system, rather than focusing on a specific hardware, this is useful if you don't want to use three or four different tools to mess up the system.

Phoronix test suite

Phoronix test suite is one of the most well-known integrated Linux Benchmark Testing Solutions. Some people claim that it has many inherent problems. Of course, we won't say it is perfect in all aspects, but it is good enough for most users. In addition, there are not many replacement kits with a nominal value.

Phoronix can use more than 100 different test suites (that is, one group of individual tests) and more than 450 different test configuration files. You can choose to install only the desired part, so if you only focus on the benchmark test of the processor and general hard disk, you only need to install "Processor_Tests" and "Disk_Tests ". It also supports system logs and reports.

The best thing is that Phoronix is free and open-source. It also provides the form of Live CD, named PTS Desktop Live, so that you can run it directly from a CD, DVD, or U disk, therefore, you can use a "clean" operating system to test the hardware of any machine as needed.

2. Stress-ng

You may guess from the name that stress-ng is a real stress test-it is extremely suitable for testing the limits of the system, but we do not recommend that you run it frequently due to its strict requirements. If stress tests are carried out repeatedly, some components (especially processors and hard drives) will consume faster.

Install stress-ng On Debian and Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install stress-ng 

Install stress-ng on Fedora, Red Hat, and CentOS:

sudo yum install stress-ng

Once installed, stress-ng can test a variety of components, including the processor, memory, input/output, network, virtual memory, and more. It is also easy to configure-for each test, you can specify different parameters, such as how many test instances, how many processor cores, how much test intensity, and how long it will run.

The introduction of all different commands and parameters is not within the scope of this article, but this page on the Ubuntu wiki is a good starting point.

3. PassMark BurnInTest

PassMark has a variety of PC testing and monitoring software, including the famous MemTest86 and PerformanceTest applications, which are only for Windows users. On the other hand, the BurnInTest application has a Linux version, which is undoubtedly worth trying.

In short, it can test all major subsystems of a computer at the same time. But it does not test pure performance, but focuses more on stability and reliability. To get the best results, we recommend combining it with other performance testing techniques.

It provides a free 30-day trial service. Once the trial period ends, you will be charged ($79 ).

Ii. Benchmark Testing of processors

It is difficult to compare two different processors. Do you know that Pentium III is almost always better than Pentium II? Sometimes, i5 is better than i7, and quad-core is not always better than dual-core.

As a result, the processor can get the biggest benefit from benchmarking over any other PC hardware. If you decide not to use the above integration test, you can start with one of the following two tools.

1. geekloud

Geekbench is one of the best processor benchmarks on the market. It includes 10 integer workload tests and 8 floating point workload tests, some of which are also available in Hardinfo (as described below), but some of which are unique to Geekbench.

For Windows and Mac, the user interface is provided, but for Linux, only command line executable files are provided. The benchmark test results are uploaded to the Internet, allowing you to view scores in a more intuitive way than the terminal.

After the upload, Geekbench will run in the "trial mode" with limited functions (in fact, it is an unlimited free trial), with only 64-bit and OpenCL benchmark tests. To perform CUDA benchmarking, standalone mode, and other functions, You need to purchase Geekbench or Geekbench Professional Edition.

2. Hardinfo

You can use the native Software Package Manager to obtain Hardinfo from most releases, but I think it is easier to run this command on Deiban and Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install hardinfo

Or run this command on Fedora, Red Hat, and CentOS:

sudo yum install hardinfo

Hardinfo comes with six different benchmark tests, each of which provides a score that you can use to accurately compare with other systems. The processor tests the Integer Operation and FPU tests the floating point operation. When comparing results, make sure that the same test is compared.

Hardinfo is also a useful way to quickly obtain system information. You only need to browse the pages on the sidebar to view detailed computer configuration information.

Iii. GPU Benchmark Test

To test the system's graphics Functions in an unscientific way, you just need to see if your PC can handle graphics-intensive games. To get more accurate results, run the following tests.

1. Unigine

Unigine has two benchmark tests worth mentioning: The Valley benchmark test and the Heaven benchmark test. Each test renders different scenarios (forest-covered valleys and a series of floating islands), forcing your GPU to "work out ".

This is the preferred graphic benchmark for most Linux gamers.

The free benchmark test is interactive enough to get a general idea of how good your GPU is, but for commercial purposes and in-depth frame-by-frame analysis, the Professional Edition is essential and priced at $495.

2. GFXBench

GFXBench, formerly called GLBenchmark, is well known in two major graph benchmarking tests for Linux systems. It includes two groups of tests: advanced testing (overall performance) and low-level testing (performance of specific functions ).

Iv. Data hard disk Benchmark Test

When it comes to hard disks that store data, the speed is not always the most important. For example, when a hard disk is used to store backup content, the main problems are service life, reliability, and capacity. However, for daily operations, you need high-speed SSDS with outstanding performance.

1. Hdparm

Hdparm is a command line utility installed on most modern releases for ease of use. It can be used not only to test the performance of the drive, but also to change the settings for each drive (such as enabling or disabling DMA ). But be careful: Hdparm will cause drive crash or damage if used improperly!

First, use the df command to list all the drives on the system. Find the drive you want to test-If you are not sure, you can use the context, such as the total disk space or mount location, and then use it with the following command. Taking this article as an example, my drive is/dev/sda2.
To test the buffer read performance:

sudo hdparm -t /dev/sda2/dev/sda2:    Timing buffered disk reads: 180 MB in 3.00 seconds = 59.96 MB/sec`

To test the cache read performance:

sudo hdparm -T /dev/sda2/dev/sda2:    Timing cached reads: 3364 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1682.75 MB/sec`

No matter which one you use, you need to run the command multiple times to get multiple readings, and then calculate the average value to better understand the performance. Make sure you have not performed any other operations that may affect reading, such as transferring files.

2. Bonnie ++

Bonnie ++ is a free utility designed to benchmark file system and hard drive performance. It is not directly installed on most releases, but should appear in the core code library. Run the following commands to install the tool on Debian and Ubuntu:

sudo apt-get install bonnie++

Or use this command to install it on Fedora, Red Hat, or CentOS:

sudo yum install bonnie++

Once the installation is complete, the simplest way to run Bonnie ++ is to use the following command:

bonnie++ -d /tmp -r 2048 -u [username]

This will run the test in the/tmp directory (thus testing the performance of the drive where/tmp is located). The parameters used indicate that the system has 2048 MB of memory, the test will run with the [user name] user permission. In this article, the user is jleeso.

Are you sure you have enough memory on your system? Use the free-m command to search for Mem in the total column.

Finally, you will see a comma-separated line with different numbers. These are your results. Proportion:

1.96,1.96,ubuntu,1,1378913658,4G,,786,99,17094,3,15431,3,4662,91,37881,4,548.4,17,16,,,,,142,0,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,+++++,+++,16569us,15704ms,2485ms,51815us,491ms,261ms,291us,400us,710us,382us,42us,787us

Copy it and enter the following command:

Echo "[paste your results]" | bon_csv2html>/tmp/test.html

Now, open/tmp/test.html in your Web browser and you will see a formatted table showing the results at a glance.

What is the performance of your PC?

If your hardware benchmark looks good, but you still feel that the system is running slowly, pay attention to the following factors. Yes, slow hardware is often a bottleneck, but you need to pay attention to other aspects before the upgrade.

For example, there are some tips and methods on Ubuntu to speed up daily operations (non-Ubuntu releases have their own tips and methods ). You should also consider updating the underlying Linux kernel.

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