How Vim is used

Vim How to use

Vim is a well-known, powerful, highly customizable text editor similar to VI, which improves and adds many features on the basis of VI.

Learn about the three basic modes of VIM

(1) General mode

Open a file with VI directly into the general mode (this is the default mode). In this mode, you can use the "up or down" button to move the cursor, you can use "delete character" or "Delete whole line" to process the contents of the file, you can also use "copy, paste" to process your data.

(2) Edit mode

In general mode can be deleted, copied, pasted and so on, but can't edit the contents of the file! Wait until you press "I, I, O, O, A, a, R, R," and any one of the letters before entering edit mode. Watch out! Usually in Linux, when you press these keys, the words "INSERT or REPLACE" appear at the bottom left of the screen, so you can edit them. If you want to return to normal mode, you must press the "Esc" button to exit edit mode.

(3) command line mode

In the general mode, enter ":/? "Any one of the three buttons, you can move the cursor to the bottom row." In this mode, you can provide "search data" action, and read, save, a large number of substitution characters, leave VI, display line number and so on the action is achieved in this mode!

To put it simply, we can think of these three patterns as the icons below to indicate:

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Key instructions

Part I: General mode available button description, cursor movement, copy paste, search substitution, etc.

How to move the cursor
h or LEFT ARROW key (←)	The cursor moves one character to the left
J or DOWN ARROW key (↓)	Move the cursor down one character
K or Up ARROW key (↑)	Move the cursor up one character
L or right ARROW key (→)	The cursor moves one character to the right
If you put your right hand on the keyboard, you will find that the HJKL are arranged together, so you can use the four buttons to move the cursor. If you want to move multiple times, such as moving down 30 lines, you can use the "30j" or "30↓" combination of keys, that is, plus the number of times you want to do (number), press the action!
[Ctrl] + [f]	Screen "Down" to move one page, equivalent to [PAGE DOWN] key (common)
[Ctrl] + [b]	Screen "Up" to move one page, equivalent to [PAGE UP] key (common)
[Ctrl] + [d]	Screen "Down" to move half a page
[Ctrl] + [u]	Screen "Up" move half page
+	Cursor moves to the next column of non-whitespace
-	Cursor moves to the previous column of non-whitespace
N<space>	That n means "number", for example 20. When you press the number and then press the SPACEBAR, the cursor moves the n characters of the line to the right. For example 20<space>, the cursor moves 20 character distances to the back.
0 or function key [Home]	This is the number "0": Move to the front of the line prompt (common)
$ or Function key [End]	Move to the last face of this line prompt (common)
H	The first character of the line that the cursor moves to the top of the screen
M	The first character of the line that the cursor moves to the center of the screen
L	The first character of the line that the cursor moves to the bottom of the screen
G	Move to the last line of this file (common)
NG	N is a number. Move to the nth row of this file. For example 20G moves to line 20th of this file (mates: Set Nu)
Gg	Move to the first line of this file, equivalent to 1G Ah! Common
N<enter>	N is a number. Move the cursor down n rows (common)
Search and replace
/word	Look under the cursor for a string called Word. For example, in the file search Vbird This string, you can enter/vbird! Common
? word	Look for a string with the string name word on top of the cursor.
N	This n is the English key. Represents " repeating the previous search action ". For example, if we have just executed/vbird to search for Vbird this string, then pressing N will continue to search down the next string named Vbird. If the Vbird is executed, then pressing N will continue to search for the string named Vbird!
N	This N is the English key. In contrast to N, the previous search action for "reverse". For example/vbird, pressing N means "up" to search for Vbird.
Using/word with N and n is extremely helpful! Can let you repeat to find some of the keywords you search!
: n1,n2s/word1/word2/g	N1 and N2 are numbers. Look for the string word1 between N1 and N2, and replace the string with Word2! For example, search for vbird between 100 and 200 rows and replace it with Vbird: ": 100,200s/vbird/vbird/g". Common
: 1, $s/word1/word2/g	Look for the word1 string from the first line to the last line and replace the string with Word2! Common
: 1, $s/word1/word2/gc	Look for the word1 string from the first line to the last line and replace the string with Word2! and display the prompt character before the substitution to the user to confirm (confirm) whether need to replace! Common
Delete, copy and paste on
X, X	In one line of words, X is the backward deletion of a character (equivalent to the [Del] key), and X is to delete a character (equivalent to [backspace], which is the backspace) (common)
Nx	N is a number that continuously deletes n characters backwards. For example, I want to delete the 10 characters consecutively, "10x".
Dd	Delete the entire column where the cursor is located (common)
Ndd	N is a number. Delete the down n column where the cursor is located, for example, 20DD to delete 20 columns (common)
d1g	Remove all data from the first row of the cursor
Dg	Delete all data from the last row of the cursor
d$	Delete the last character of the row where the cursor is located
D0	That is 0 of the number, delete the cursor at the top of the line, and the first character
Yy	The row where the cursor is copied (common)
Nyy	N is a number. Copy the down n column where the cursor is located, for example, 20yy to copy 20 columns (common)
y1g	Copy all data from the column to the first column of the cursor
YG	Copy all data from the column to the last column of the cursor
Y0	Copy all data from the same character as the cursor to the beginning of the line
y$	Copy all data at the end of the line with the same character as the cursor
P, p	p to paste the copied data on the next line of the cursor, and p for a row on the cursor! For example, I currently have the cursor on line 20th and have copied 10 rows of data. When P is pressed, the 10 rows of data will be affixed to the original 20 lines, i.e. 21 lines. But what if we press P? Then the original 20th Guild was pushed into 30 rows. Common
J	Combine data from the cursor column and the next column into the same column
C	Repeatedly deleting multiple data, such as deleting 10 rows down, [10CJ]
U	Restores the previous action. Common
[Ctrl]+r	Redo the last action. Common
This u with [ctrl]+r is a very common instruction! One is recovery, the other is redo once ~ Use these two function keys, your editor, hey! Very happy!
.	Don't doubt it! This is the decimal point! To repeat the meaning of a previous action. If you want to repeat the deletion, repeat the paste, and so on, press the decimal point "." It's all right! Common

• Part Two: General mode switch to edit mode available button description

Enter an insert or replace edit mode
I, I	Enter insert mode (insert modes): I is "inserting from the current cursor," and I is "inserting at the first non-whitespace space at the current line." Common
A, a	Enter insert mode (insert modes): A is "insert from the next character where the cursor is currently located" and A is "start at the last character of the line where the cursor is located." Common
O, O	Enter insert mode (insert modes): This is the case of the English letter O. o Insert a new line at the next line where the cursor is currently located; o Insert a new line on the previous line where the cursor is currently located! Common
R, R	Enter Replace mode: R will only replace the one character where the cursor is located, and R will always replace the text of the cursor until ESC is pressed; (common)
Above these keys, in the lower left corner of the VI screen will appear "--insert--" or "--replace--" words. The action is known by the name!! In particular, we mentioned above, you want to enter characters in the file, be sure to see the lower left corner of INSERT or REPLACE to enter Oh!
[ESC]	Exit edit mode, return to normal mode (common)

• Part III: General mode switch to instruction column mode available button description

Instructions for storing, leaving, etc. of the instruction column
: W	Write the edited data to the hard drive archive (common)
: w!	If the file property is read-only, the archive is forced to be written. However, in the end can be written, or with you on the file permissions related Ah!
: Q	Leave VI (Common)
: q!	If you have modified the file, do not want to store, use! Do not store files for forced departures.
Note that the exclamation point (!) in VI, often has the meaning of "mandatory" ~
: Wq	To leave after storage, if: wq! After forcing the store to leave (common)
Zz	This is the capital Z! If the file does not change, then do not store away, if the file has been changed, then save and leave!
: w [filename]	Save edited data to another file (similar to save new file)
: R [FileName]	In the edited data, read the data from another file. The file "filename" will be added to the cursor row after the
: n1,n2 w [filename]	Store the contents of N1 to N2 into the filename file.
:! Command	Temporarily leave VI to command column mode to perform command display results! For example 『:! Ls/home "You can see in VI the file information under/home with LS output!
Changes to the VIM environment
: Set Nu	Displays the line number, which, when set, displays the line number of the row in the prefix of each row
: Set Nonu	In contrast to set NU, the line number is canceled!

Homework:

1. Copy the/etc/grub2.cfg configuration file to the/tmp directory, and use the Find replacement command to remove the white space character from the beginning of the/tmp/grub2.cfg file; CentOS:/etc/grub.conf

%s/^[[:space:]]//g

2. Copy the/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions file to the/tmp directory and add a # to the beginning of the line with the Find Replace command for each line beginning with a blank character for/tmp/functions; The original whitespace character is reserved;

%s/^\s\+/#&/g

3. Replace the/etc/sysconfig/init in the/tmp/functions file as/var/log;

%[email protected]/etc/sysconfig/[email Protected]/var/[email protected]

4. Delete the line at the beginning of the/tmp/functions file so # begins with # followed by at least one blank character #

%s/^\ (#\) \ (\s\+\)/\2/g

How Vim is used