The default location of the initialization parameter file is UNIX and Linux: default naming convention: initORACLE_SID. ora default location: ORACLE_HOME/dbsWindows: default naming convention: initORACLE_SID. ora default location: ORACLE_HOME \ database parameter setting format: ■ For parameters that accept only a single value: parameter_name = value ■ For parameters that accept one or more values (such as the CONTROL_FILES parameter): parameter_name = (value [, value]...) eg: control_files = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl 'control_files ='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl 'control_files = '/u01/app/ oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl 'control_files = (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl,/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl) Example of parameter file initialization: $ ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initORCL. oraThe following is the content of the sample file: ######################################## ####################################### Example INIT. ORA file # This file is provided by Oracle Corporation to help you start by providing # a starting point to customize your RDBMS installation for your site. # NOTE: The values that are used in this file are only intended to be used # as a starting point. you may want to adjust/tune those values to your # specific hardware and needs. you may also consider using Database # Configuration Assistant tool (DBCA) to create INIT file and to size your # initial set of tablespaces based on the user input. ######################################## ######################################## chang' <ORACLE_BASE> 'to point to the oracle base (the one you specify at # install time) db_name = 'orcl 'memory _ target = 1 Gprocesses = 150audit_file_dest =' <ORACLE_BASE>/admin/ORCL/adump 'audit _ trail = 'db' db _ block_size = 8192db_domain ='' db _ recovery_file_dest = '<ORACLE_BASE>/flash_recovery_area' db _ recovery_file_dest_size = 2Gdiagnostic_dest = '<ORACLE_BASE> 'dispatchers =' (PROTOCOL = TCP) (SERVICE = ORCLXDB) 'Open _ cursors = 300 rows = 'clusive 'undo _ tablespace = 'undotbs1' # You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical # devicescontrol_files = (ora_control1, ora_control2) compatible = '11. 2.0'