Linux file search and compression common knowledge summary

First, File search

1.locate command: Locate keyword common options:    -i  perform case-sensitive search     -n   n only lists the pre-built file index database on the first n matching items query system on:/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db, because the index is established beforehand, so the search speed is fast. 2.find command: Real-time search tool, through the path of the specified paths to complete the file lookup, query speed slightly slower, accurate search, real-time search. It is possible to search only directories where the user has read and execute permissions. find - search for files in a directory hierarchyfind [-h] [- L] [-p] [-d debugopts] [-olevel] [path ...]  [expression]find [option]... [Find path] [find condition] [processing action]  Find path: Specify specific target path; default to current directory   Search criteria: The specified search criteria, can be file name, size, type,   permissions, such as standards; The default is to find all files under the specified path   processing action: to the conditions of the file, the default output to the screen 1) based on the file name and Inode lookup      -name  "file name": Support wildcard  *,? [],[^]    -iname  "file name": Case insensitive     -inum n  Search by inode number  2) Search by genus, genus:     -user username: Search by username     -group  GroupName: Find      -uid by group name: Search by UID     &nbsP;-gid: Search by GID      -nouser: Find files that are not master      -nogroup: Find non-group files  3) file type find-type:  by file type find      f:  normal file       d:  Directory      b:  block devices      c:  character devices       l:  Symbolic link Files      p:  Named pipes       s:  socket     4) combination conditions (Morgan Law)     -a:  with, while satisfying      -o:  or,     -not, !: Non, take anti      non A, and   non b:  non-(A or B)              -not  ( -user hadoop -o  -iname  "*.txt"  )      non-A, or   non-b:  (A and B) instances:     ! a -a ! b = ! (a -o b)     ! a -o ! b = ! (a -a b)     find -name  "file.txt"      find -iname  "file.txt"      find / -name  "*.txt"      find /var/ -name   "*log*"      find -user alren -group gentoo       find -user chen -not group chen       find -user gentoo -o -user archlnux     find /- User alren -o -uid 1001     find -not \ (-user chen  -o -user alren\) equivalent to Find -not -user chen -a -not -user alren  5) file size find      -size [+|-] #UNIT            Common units:k, m, g      #UNIT:  (#-1, #]           as:6k  (5k,6k]     -#UNIT:[0,#-1]           as:-6k  means [0,5k]     + #UNIT: (#,∞)            such as:+6k  (6k,∞) 6) timestamp lookup    based on time stamp:  in "days" as a unit;  the following #=1 as an example-atime [+| -]#,  #: [#,#+1)  find /etc/ -atme 1 : represents greater than or equal to 1 days, less than 2 days time period is visited; +#: [#+ 1,∞] find /etc/ -atime +1 : Indicates that one day, including one day, has been visited-#: [0,#)   find /etc/  -atime -1 : Indicates that the;-mtime -ctime  was visited a day ago in minutes:  -amin -mmin - cmin7) Search by permissions:-perm [+|-]mode    mode: Exact Match     +MODE:  Any one of a class of users to match, often used to find a certain type of user's specific permissions exist (cetos6.x);     /mode: Any class of User (U,g,o) object permissions as long as one can match, or relationship, +   Start-out from Centos7      -MODE:  each class of users specifies that the permission bits to check match, or the relationship;    find  -perm 755  Match permission mode is exactly 755File      as long as any person has write permission, find -perm +222 will match        such as:  find /var/ -perm +222  or find /var/ -perm /222  can be matched as long as any user has permission to write     find -perm -222 matches only when everyone has write permissions       such as: find -perm  -222  only when everyone has Read permission can it be matched to     find -perm -002   matches when other people (other) have write permissions       can match to     if only other people have read permissions, such as:find /var/ -perm -002    Handling Action:-print: Default processing action, display value screen-ls: similar to executing ls -l command on found file  -delete: Delete found file  -exec command  {} \; Execute command-specified commands on each file found the command does not accept too many arguments, and the command execution may fail, as follows to circumvent this problem     find | Xargs command fidn instance:find -name  "*.conf"  -exec cp {} {}.com \;   #备份配置文件, and renamed find /tmp -ctime +3 -user chen -ok -rm {} \;# Prompt to delete Chen user temporary files that exist longer than three days find ~ -perm -002 -exec chmod o-w {} \;  #在你的主目录中寻找可被其它用户写入的文件  find  /data –type  f -perm 644  -name  "*.sh"  –exec chmod  755 {} \; find  /home –type d -|xargs rm -rf

Ii. compression, decompression and archiving tools

gzip Command:

1) gzip Command:    gzip [option]... file ...           options:             -d: Unzip, equivalent to Gunzip               -C: Outputs compressed or decompressed results to standard output [[ email protected] ~]# gzip -c awk.txt >awk.gz[[email protected] ~]#  lsawk.gz  awk.txt  passwd  test.sh  test.x[[email protected ] ~]# gzip -c passwd >passwdddddd.gz[[email protected] ~]# lsawk.gz   awk.txt  passwd  passwdddddd.gz  test.sh  test.x[[email  protected] ~]# gunzip passwdddddd.gz[[email protected] ~]# lsawk.gz   awk.txt  passwd  passwdddddd  test.sh  test.x[[email  Protected] ~]# gzip -d awk.gz[[email protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt  passwd   passwdddddd  test.sh  test.x[[email protected] ~]#

Bzip2 command:

2) bzip2 Command:bzip2 [option]... file ...     -k: keep,  keep the original file      -d: Unzip  [[email protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt   passwd  passwdddddd  test.sh  test.x[[email protected] ~]#  bzip2 -k passwd[[email protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt  passwd   passwd.bz2  passwdddddd  test.sh  test.x[[email protected]  ~]# bzip2 passwdddddd[[email protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt   passwd  passwd.bz2  passwdddddd.bz2  test.sh  test.x[[email  protected] ~]# bunzip2 passwdddddd.bz2[[email protected] ~]# lsawk   awk.txt  passwd  passwd.bz2  passwdddddd  test.sh   test.x[[email protected] ~]#&Nbsp;bunzip2 -d passwd.bz2bunzip2: output file passwd already exists. [[email protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt  passwd  passwd.bz2   passwdddddd  test.sh  test.x[[email protected] ~]# mv passwd  passwd1[[email protected] ~]# bunzip2 -d passwd.bz2[[email protected]  ~]# lsawk  awk.txt  passwd  passwd1  passwdddddd   test.sh  test.x[[email protected] ~]#

Zip command:

3) Zip command:    zip - package and compress  (archive)  files     1) package         zip  package file name    files to package          ZIP PASSWD.ZIP PASSWD    2) Decompression          unzip .zip End of File          unzip passwd.zip [email protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt  passwd   passwd1  passwdddddd  test.sh  test.x[[email protected] ~] # zip -r passwd.zip passwd  adding: passwd  (deflated 63%) [[Email  protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt  passwd  passwd1   passwdddddd  passwd.zip  test.sh  test.x[[email protected] ~]#  Unzip passwd.ziparchiVe:  passwd.zipreplace passwd? [y]es, [n]o, [a]ll, [n]one, [r]ename:  y  inflating: passwd[[email protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt   passwd  passwd1  passwdddddd  passwd.zip  test.sh   Test.x[[email protected] ~]# rm -f passwd[[email protected] ~]# unzip  passwd.ziparchive:  passwd.zip  inflating: passwd[[email protected] ~ ]# lsawk  awk.txt  passwd  passwd1  passwdddddd   Passwd.zip  test.sh  test.x

Tar command:

Archive Tool:   tar [options] -f file.tar file1 ...      -c:  Create an archive      -x:  expand an archive      -t:  View archived files without expanding      -V: show the process of creating compression or decompression     tar -cvf  archive.tar file1  Create a non-compressed  tarball     tar -cvf archive.tar  file1 file2 dir1  Create an archive file containing ' file1 ', ' file2 ' and ' Dir1 '      tar  -tf archive.tar  Display the contents of a package      tar -xvf archive.tar  Release a package      tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp  release the compressed package to the  /TMP directory      tar -cvfj archive.tar.bz2 dir1  Create a compressed package in BZIP2 format       tar -xvfj archive.tar.bz2  unzip a BZIP2-formatted compression package      tar  -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1  Create a zipped package in gzip format      tar -xvfz archive.tar.gz  unzip an gzip-formatted compression 

[[email protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt  passwd  passwd1   passwdddddd  passwd.zip  test.sh[[email protected] ~]# tar -zcvf  passwd.tar.gz passwdpasswd[[email protected] ~]# lsawk  awk.txt   passwd  passwd1  passwdddddd  passwd.tar.gz  passwd.zip   test.sh[[email protected] ~]# tar -jcvf passwd.tar.bz2 passwdpasswd[[email  protected] ~]# lsawk      passwd   passwdddddd      passwd.tar.gz  test.shawk.txt  passwd1   passwd.tar.bz2  passwd.zip[[email protected] ~]# tar -zxvf  passwd.tar.gzpasswd[[email protected] ~]# lsawk      passwd    passwdddddd     p asswd.tar.gz  test.shawk.txt  passwd1  passwd.tar.bz2  passwd.zip[[ Email protected] ~]# rm -f passwd[[email protected] ~]# tar -zxvf  passwd.tar.gzpasswd[[email protected] ~]# lsawk      passwd    passwdddddd     passwd.tar.gz  test.shawk.txt   passwd1  passwd.tar.bz2  passwd.zip[[email protected] ~]# rm -f  Passwd[[email protected] ~]# tar -jxvf passwd.tar.bz2passwd[[email protected]  ~]# lsawk passwd passwdddddd passwd.tar.gz test.shawk.txt passwd1  Passwd.tar.bz2 passwd.zip

Third, the actual practice of small exercises

1. Find the main root of the/var directory and all files belonging to the group Mail  [[email protected] ~]# find /var/ -user  root-a  -group mail/var/spool/mail/var/spool/mail/root/var/spool/mail/rooter[[email  Protected] ~] #2, find all files that are not root, LP, GDM under the/var directory  [[email protected] ~]# find /var/  -not \ ( -userroot -o -user lp -o -user gdm \) |wc -l125 [[Email protected] ~]# find /var/ -not -userroot -a -not -user  lp -a -not -user gdm |wc -l125[[email protected] ~]# 3, Find/ The contents of the Var directory have been modified in the last week and are not  root or postfix files  [[email protected]~]# find /var/ - mtime -7 -a -not -user root -a -not -user  postfix/var/lib/ Setroubleshoot/setroubleshoot_database.xml/var/spool/abrt/ccpp-2016-07-19-15:47:15-3568[[email protected]  ~]# find /vAr/ -mtime -7 -not \ ( -user root -o  -user postfix \)/ var/lib/setroubleshoot/setroubleshoot_database.xml/var/spool/abrt/ccpp-2016-07-19-15:47:15-3568[[email  Protected] ~]# 4, find files that are not owned or owned by the current system, and have been interviewed   asked in the last week  [[email protected] ~]#  Find / \ ( -nouser -o-nogroup \)  -a -atime -7find:  '/proc/8419/ Task/8419/fd/6 ': no suchfile or directoryfind:  '/PROC/8419/TASK/8419/FDINFO/6 ':  nosuch file or directoryfind:  '/PROC/8419/FD/6 ': no such file  ordirectoryfind:  '/PROC/8419/FDINFO/6 ': no such fileor directory[[email  Protected] ~]# 5, find all files that are larger than 1M in the/etc directory and are of the normal file type  [[email protected] ~]# find / etc/ -size +1m  -type f/etc/selinux/targeted/policy/policy.29/etc/udev/hwdb.bin/etc/ brltty/zh-tw.ctb[[email protected] ~]# 6, find files with no write permission for all users in/etc directory  [[email protected] ~]# find /etc/   -not -perm  /222[[email protected] ~]# find /etc/ -not - perm  +222 [[email protected] ~]# find /etc/ -not -perm   /222 |wc -l23[[email protected] ~]# find /etc/ -not -perm + 222 |wc -l23[[email protected] ~] #7, find at least one class of users who do not have permission to execute files in/etc directory  [[email protected]  ~]# find /etc/ -not-perm  -1118, find the/ETC/INIT.D directory, all users have execute permissions, and other users have write permissions files [[email  protected] ~]# find /etc/init.d/ -perm-113

Small series summary also hard, if think also can, handy point a praise:) ....

This article is from "Wake up your not alarm clock but dream" blog, please be sure to keep this source http://purify.blog.51cto.com/10572011/1838930

Linux file search and compression common knowledge summary