Linux system architecture, file addressing, file-management editing, regular expressions

I. Linux system architecture

Linux is a inverted tree structure, all the things in Linux are files, these files are in the system top Directory "/"/is the root directory
/directory Below is a level two directory these directories are automatically created when the system is installed

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The role of the secondary directory
/bin binary executable (i.e. system command)
/sbin System Management Command storage location
/boot boot partition, responsible for system boot
/dev Device Management files
/etc most system administration files
Home directory for normal users
/lib 32-bit system library file storage location
/LIB64 64-bit system library file storage location
/media System temporary Device mount point
/MNT System temporary Device mount point
/run System temporary Device mount point
/OPT third-party software installation location
/proc System Information
/root Super User home Directory
/srv,/var System Data
/sys system Management, mainly about the kernel
/tmp system temporary file storage location
/usr System user-related information data and user-defined software storage location


Two. Addressing the file

Absolute path
File in the real location of the system, the file name begins with "/"

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Relative path
The file relative to the current location of the name of a shorthand, the name does not start with/, and the name will automatically add the value of the PWD display

Three. Management of documents

1.touch creating files or modifying file timestamps

Touch File Creation File

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mkdir Directory Creation
-P Parent Directory does not exist automatically established

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Rm-f forcibly removed without prompting
-R Delete Directory

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4.cat|head|tail viewing the contents of a file

Cat View File Contents

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Head View file contents first 10 line parameter-n

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Tail View file contents First 10 line parameter-n

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5.CD Switch Working directory

CD directory switch working directory to the specified directory
CD-Switch working directory to previous directory
CD ~ Switch to your home directory
CD ~usernmae switch to the specified user home directory
Cd.. Go to the parent directory of the current directory

Cd. Go to current directory

6.ls listing directory or file information

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LS If there is no target behind then the default target is the current directory
LS direcory|filename list file or directory contents
ls-d direcotry List the directory itself
Ls-l Filename|dorectory lists the properties of the contents of a file or directory
Ls-ld directory lists the properties of the catalog itself
LS-A displays all content in the directory, including the "." Hidden files at the beginning
Ls-r to display content in a directory


7.CP file copy

CP is the process of creating a new file

CP file File1 file2. directory to copy file File1 file2 to Directory
CP file test establishes the test file template
Cp-r directorydirecotry1 Copy Directory

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The MV of the same disk is renamed, and the MV of different disks is the copy-delete process

MV file file1 direcotry move file file1 into directory
MV presence file does not exist file rename file

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Four. Regular expressions


* Match 0 to any character
？ Match a single character
[[: Alpha:]] matches a single letter
[[: Lower:]] matches a single lowercase letter
[[: Upper:]] matches a single uppercase letter
[[:d Igit:]] matches a single number
[[: Alnum:]] matches a single number or letter
[[:p UNCT:]] match a single symbol
[[: Space:]] match a single space

{} indicates a nonexistent or existing
{1..9} 1-9
{A.. F} a-f
{1,3,5} 135
{A,c,e} a C E
{1..3} {A.. C} 1a 2a 3a 2a 2b 2c 3a 3B3C

[] Indicates the existence of the
[A-c] AA BB CC
[a-c] AA or BB or C
[1-3] 1 or 2 or 3
[145] 1 or 4 or 5
[^abc]| [!ABC] except A and B and besides C


Learning task Heavy, seize the time to master!

Linux system architecture, file addressing, file-management editing, regular expressions