Linux Layered Architecture
A) Bare metal: that is, hardware equipment, based on bare metal development to know the hardware itself, the development of high threshold, development complex, the program is not portable, there is a lot of repetitive work, of course, the advantage is the most effective use of hardware.
b). Linux Kemel: Based on the concept of all documents greatly standardized and simplified hardware-based development work, at the same time in the kernel to join the task of scheduling, Memory, CPU and other management greatly facilitated the development of the program
c). Shell: Based on system call provided by the Linux kernel, it is very friendly to complete the function of interacting with the kernel, which makes it easier to use the hardware. The most frequently used shell is Bourne Again Shell short Bash
d). Be sure to use the root user
VMware enhancement tools are used to interact with files between windows.
Install VMware enhanced tools to maximize the Ubuntu window, on the other hand, to achieve the virtual machine in Ubuntu and Windows file transfer function.
Install the most powerful editor on Linux with Apt-get installation vim vim
Linux commands
Hostname
Change machine Name: vim/etc/hostnameesc->shift+: Wq is actually the domain name of the machine, equivalent to www.baidu.com
Shutdown: Shutdown–h Now
Restart: reboot–h Now
View Ip:ifconfig
Forced exit vim:shift+:--q!
Modify Domain Name: vim/etc/hosts
Through vim/etc/hosts to establish the mapping between IP and domain name, access to the domain name directly, if you want to access the remote machine, you must configure the remote machine's/etc/hosts file in the current machine's domain name and IP address mapping relationship, This way, when we access the remote domain name, we can access the remote machine by parsing the/etc/hosts to locate the IP address of the remote machine.
Pwd The working directory where you are currently located
Switch to a directory by using a CD.
LS: use LS (list) to see the specific name of the file (clip) in the current directory. Ls-l to see the details of the file (clip) in the current directory, you can also see the parent directory through LL
Mans
ll
Use Vim to open the editing file when the Linux programmer most commonly used text editor, open the file can press "I" to enter the insert mode to modify the contents of the file, save the Exit command: Wq
View the instructions for a file: Use the Vim editor generally, or use the Gedit graphical editor to view the contents of a file: We can also private cat to display everything in a small file. If the file needs to be viewed one page at a time, you can use the more command to view the contents of the file, press the ENTER key to page, or you can use tail to directly view the final contents of the file, the classic use of the scene is to view the log files on the server, head for viewing the beginning.
The simple way to create a file is to use the Touch command. Example: Touch spark.txt
command to create a directory: mkdir create a first-level directory, and if you have a multi-level directory that needs to be created at once, you can create it using MKDIR-P.
Delete content to empty directory by RmDir. RM–RF forces the deletion of all contents of the current file (clip).
With the MV move file, if you specify a copy of the file name, you have the ability to copy and rename. Use CP to copy files.
Compression command: TAR–CZVF the name of the target document to compress the name of the document
Decompression Name: TAR-ZXVF the package to unpack. You can remove the option V to hide specific compression details.
Each column: The top content of each line of file details represents the file type: The file is denoted by "-", the directory is denoted by "D", and the shortcut is "L".
第2-4 column: Represents the current user for the file (folder) The specific operation permissions, need to explain that the permissions have
Readable (R) 2^2=4
Writable (W) 2^1=2
Executable (x) 2^0=1
If you consider the number, the highest permissions on the file are 7.
第5-7 column: Represents the user group that the current user is in for the specific operation permissions for the file (folder).
第8-10 column: Represents the action permission for a user other than the user group on which the current user resides.
11th column: The number of links to the current file;
12th column: The user owner who represents the current file
13th column: The user group where the current user is located
14th column: Representing file size
15th column: When the file was created or when it was last modified
4. User and user groups to modify files
Add User Useradd
Use Chown to set the owner of a file
Use CHGRP to change the user group to which the current file belongs
You can also use Chown: the name of the owning user group file
5. Modify File Permissions
chmod set permissions on someone other than the owner file group of the file's owner file, emphasizing that x permission is the execution.
6.SSH Remote login without password
Use apt-get install SSH to download installation Services, apt-get install rsync Auto Sync Service
/etc/init.d/ssh start
SSH server
Ps-e |grep SSH
Generate Password: ssh-keygen-t dsa-p "-F ~/.SSH/ID_DSA
Cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys
The problem of domain name link is not through:
Linux installation Vmwaretools, root login, permissions issues
