"Linux" Linux common commands Summary

View software XXX Installation content: Dpkg -l xxx find software in the Software Library:apt-cache search  regular expressions find software in the Software library: Aptitude search   Package find which package the file belongs to: Dpkg -s filename find out which package the file belongs to:apt-file search  filename query software xxx depends on which packages: apt-cache depends xxx query software XXX is which package depends on: apt-cache rdepends xxx Add a disc source: sudo  apt-cdrom add System Upgrade:sudo apt-get update;sudo apt-get  Dist-upgrade Erase the deleted package's residual profile:dpkg -l |grep ^rc|awk  ' {print $2} '  |sudo xargs  dpkg -p the Automatic processing of H files is missing at compile time: Sudo auto-apt run ./configure View temporary storage directory for downloading packages when installing software: ls /var/ Cache/apt/archives back up the list of all packages that are currently installed on the system:dpkg –get-selections | grep -v deinstall >  ~/somefile Recover all packages from the list file of the backup installation package:dpkg –set-selections < ~/somefile;sudo  Dselect Clean up older software caches: Sudo apt-get autoclean clean up All software caches: Sudo apt-get clean remove orphaned software that is no longer used by the system: sudo  apt-get autoremove View the address of the package on the server: apt-get -qq –print-uris install ssh&Nbsp;| cut -d\ '  -f2 view kernel: uname -a view Ubuntu version:cat /etc/issue  or  lsb_release  -a view kernel-loaded modules: Lsmod View PCI device: LSPCI view USB device: Lsusb -v view NIC Status: Sudo ethtool eth0 View CPU Information: cat / Proc/cpuinfo Display current hardware information: SUDO&NBSP;LSHW Display system run time: Uptime View the partition of the hard disk: Sudo fdisk -l hard disk partition: sudo fdisk / DEV/SDA hard disk Format: SUDO&NBSP;MKFS.EXT3&NBSP;/DEV/SDA1 hard drive check (do not check the mounted partition, otherwise easily corrupt data): sudo fsck /dev/ SDA1 Partition mount:sudo mount -t  file system type   (-o nls=utf8  or  -o iocharset=utf8)   Device path   access road partition uninstall:sudo umount  directory name or device name View IDE hard disk information: SUDO&NBSP;HDPARM&NBSP;-I&NBSP;/DEV/HDA View stat hard Drive information  :sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda  or  sudo blktool /dev/sda  ID view hard disk spare space: DF View directory Footprint:du -hs  Catalog A famous dish cannot be uninstalled: Sync;fuser -km /media/usbdisk view the current read and write status of the hard disk:sudo  IOSTAT&NBSP;-X&NBSP;2 View current Memory usage: Free dynamic display of Process execution: Top View what processes are currently in progress: PS&NBSP;-A View Current process tree: Pstree abort a process:kill  process number   or  killall  process name Force abort a process: KILL&NBSP;-9&NBSP; process number   or  killall -9  process name graphical method abort a program:xkill  the mouse with the skeleton flag, click the program you want to abort to see the file that the process opened: lsof - P Show the process of opening file Abc.txt  :lsof abc.txt show 22 Port now run what program  :lsof -i :22 show NSD process now open file  :lsof &NBSP;-C&NBSP;NSD running the program in the background, after exiting the login, does not end the program  :nohup  program  & detailed display of the program's running information  :strace -f -f  -o outfile increase the maximum number of open files in the system:ulimit -n 4096  or  echo 4096 > /proc/sys /fs/file-max Configuring &NBSP;ADSL&NBSP;:SUDO&NBSP;PPPOECONFADSL manual dialing: Sudo pon dsl-provider activation  adsl:sudo  /etc/ppp/pppoe_on_boot disconnecting  adsl :sudo poff viewing the dial-up log: Sudo plog How to set the dynamic Domain name: W3m -no-cookie  -dump  ' Http://usere:[email protected]/dyndns/update?system=dyndns&hostname= yourdns.3322.org ' IP check network card address &NBSP;:ARPING&NBSP;IP address according to IP check computer name &NBSP;:NMBLOOKUP&NBSP;-A&NBSP;IP address view current IP address   :ifconfig eth0 |awk  '/inet/ {split ($2,x, ":");p rint x[2]} ' view the IP address of the current extranet  :w3m - No-cookie -dump www.123cha.com|grep -o  ' [0-9]\{1,3\}\. [0-9]\{1,3\}\. [0-9]\{1,3\}\. [0-9]\{1,3\} ' view the program currently listening on port 80  :lsof -i :80 View the physical address of the current Nic:arp -a | awk  ' {print &NBSP;$4} ' adds a second IP address to the same NIC  :sudo ifconfig eth0:0 1.2.3.4 netmask  255.255.255.0 immediately let the network support nat :echo 1 | sudo tee /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward;  Sudo iptables -t nat -i postrouting -j masquerade View routing information: Netstat -rn   or  sudo route -n manually add a route  :sudo route add -net 192.168.0.0  netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.0.1 manually delete a route: sudo route del -net 192.168.0.0  netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 172.16.0.1 How to modify the network card MAC address  :sudo ifconfig eth0  Hw ether 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee statistics current number of IP connections  :netstat -na|grep ESTABLISHED|awk  ' {print  $5} ' |awk -f:  ' {print $1} ' |sort|uniq -c|sort -r -n maskipv6 :echo  ' blacklist ipv6′ | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/ Blacklist-ipv6 View current network connection status and program &NBSP;:SUDO&NBSP;NETSTAT&NBSP;-ATNP check the current traffic of ADSL:sudo ethstatus -i  PPP0 View the registration status of the domain name: whois baidu.cn to see the routing of a domain name: tracepath baidu.cn re-obtains the IP address from the server  :sudo  Dhclient download Web site Documentation: wget -r -p -np -k http://www.xxx.com How to download 5 threads:axel -n 5  Http://www.xxx.com/downloadfile.zip Add a service:sudo update-rc.d  service name  defaults 99 Delete a service   :sudo update-rc.d  Service Name  remove temporarily restarts a service:/etc/init.d/service name  restart temporarily shuts down a service:/etc/init.d/service name   Stop temporarily starts a service:/etc/init.d/service name  start Add user:sudo adduser  user name delete user:sudo deluser  User name modifies the current user's password: passwd Modify user password:sudo passwd  user name Modify user profile: Sudo chfn userid How to disable an account: Sudo usermod  -L  user name   or  sudo passwd -l  user name How to enable an account:sudo usermod -u  user name   or  sudo passwd -u  user name add user to Admin Group: Sudo usermod -g admin -a  User name Configure default Java to use which  :sudo update-alternatives – Config java Terminal Setup Agent  :export http_proxy=http://xx.xx.xx.xx:xxx Modify system logon information: sudo vim /etc/ MOTD using Sun's Java compiler: Sudo update-java-alternatives -s java-6-sun switch IME engine: im-switch - C Convert file name from GBK to utf8 :convmv -r -f cp936 -t utf8 –notest –nosmart * Convert file contents from GBK to utf8 :iconv -f gbk -t utf8  $i  > newfile conversion  mp3  Tag Code  :sudo apt-get install python-mutagen;find . -iname  ' *.mp3′ - execdir mid3iconv -e gbk {} \; Console display Chinese  :sudo apt-get install  zhcon;zhcon –utf8 –drv=vgalftp  Login remote Windows Chinese ftp:lftp :~>set ftp:charset  gbkpdf  file garbled  :sudo apt-get install xpdf-chinese-simplified  Xpdf-chinese-traditional poppler-data One screen view file contents  :cat File Name Page view file contents:more  FileName Controllable paging view file contents:less  file name according to string matching to view the contents of the files:grep  string   file name displays the file name that contains the string:grep  -l -r  string   Path display file name with no string:grep -l -r  string   path quickly find a file:find  directory  -name   file name Create two empty files: Touch file1 file2 recursively create some nested directories: MKDIR&NBSP;–P&NBSP;/TMP/XXS/DSD/EFD recursively delete nested directories: rm – Fr /tmp/xxs back to the current user's host directory: cd ~ view the absolute path of the current directory: PWD lists all files in the current directory: ls -a move the file under the path and rename:mv  path/file  / New Path/new file name copy file or directory:cp -av  original file or original directory   new file or new directory view file type: File filename Compare the differences between two files: Diff file1  file2 Displays the contents of the last 6 lines of the xxx file  :tail -n 6 xxx constantly displaying the latest content  :tail -n 10 -f  /var/log/apache2/access.log View the contents of line fifth to 10th of the file  :sed -n  ' 5,10p '  /var/log/apache2/ Access.log find commands about xxx  :apropos xxx  or  man -k xxx transfer files via SSH  :scp -rp  /path/filename [email protected]:/path change the suffix of all files from RM to rmvb :rename  ' s/.rm$/.rmvb/'  * Change the capitalization of all filenames to lowercase:rename  ' tr/a-z/a-z/'  * Delete special file name  –help.txt  file:rm - –help.txt  or  rm ./– Help.txt View the subdirectory of the current directory:ls -d */.  or  echo */. Move the files that you have accessed in the last 30 days to the parent back directory  :find . &NBSP;-TYPE&NBSP;F&NBSP;-ATIME&NBSP;-30&NBSP;-EXEC&NBSP;MV&NBSP;{}&NBSP, .... /back \; displays files containing  xxxx  within one hour: find . -type f -mmin -60|xargs -i  grep -l xxxx  ' {} ' displays files within the last 2 hours to 8 hours: find . -mmin +120 -mmin -480  -exec more {} \; Delete files that were modified 30 days ago  :find . -type f -mtime +30  -mtime -3600 -exec rm {} \; Delete files created 30 days ago  :find . -type f  -ctime +30 -ctime -3600 -exec rm {} \; Delete Guest's file ending with AVI or RM: find  . -name  ' *.avi '  -o -name  ' *.rm '  -user  ' guest '  -exec rm  {} \; Delete files that are not used for 7 days without ending in Java and XML  :find . ! -name *.java ! -name  ' *.xml '  -atime +7 -exec rm {} \; Delete all  .svn  Catalog  :find . -name .svn -type d -exec rm -fr {} \; Delete all to "~ "End of temporary files  :find . -name  ' *~ '  -exec rm {} \; statistics current number of files: ls .| WC&NBSP;-W Statistics current directory number: ls -l |grep ^d|wc -l Displays the file name of the 2006-01-01 in the current directory  :ls -l |grep  2006-01-01 |awk  ' {print $8} ' synchronizes remote data to a local directory using SSH  :rsync -pa -i – Size-only –delete –timeout=300 remote_ip:/home/ubuntu /backup add  7Z  compress software: sudo  apt-get install p7zip p7zip-full p7zip-rar add  rar  software compression and decompression support  :sudo  apt-get install rar unrar Decompression  xxx.tar.gz :tar -zxvf xxx.tar.gz Decompression &NBSP;XXX.TAR.BZ2&NBSP;:TAR&NBSP;-JXVF&NBSP;XXX.TAR.BZ2 Compressed AAA&NBSP;BBB directory is xxx.tar.gz :tar -zcvf  XXX.TAR.GZ&NBSP;AAA&NBSP;BBB Compressed AAA&NBSP;BBB MeshRecorded as xxx.tar.bz2 :tar -jcvf xxx.tar.bz2 aaa bbb add  lha  support  :sudo  Apt-get install lha Add Solution  cab  File support  :sudo apt-get install  Cabextract Display calendar: Cal Set Date: Date -s mm/dd/yy set time: date -s hh:mm write time to cmos :hwclock – SYSTOHC View CMOS time  :hwclock –show read CMOS time  :hwclock –hctosys sync time from server  :sudo ntpdate  ntp.ubuntu.com set the computer's time zone to Shanghai: Sudo cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/asia/shanghai /etc/localtime turn off UTC, Writes the current time to the CMOS. :sudo sed -ie  ' s/utc=yes/utc=no/g '  /etc/default/rcs;sudo hwclock – SYSTOHC Modify the root password of MySQL  :sudo mysqladmin -u root -p password  ' Your new password ' How to use the command to turn off the monitor  :xset dpms force off set CPU frequency  :sudo apt-get install  Cpufrequtils;sudo cpufreq-info command shutdown: Sudo halt now off: Sudo shutdown -h now 11 o'clock Auto Power off: sudo  shutdown -h 23:0060 minutes after the shutdown: sudo shutdown -h +60 command to restart your computer: Sudo reboot Now restart your computer: Sudo shutdown -r now turn off your notebook's touchpad  :synclient  touchpadoff=1 Open the Notebook's touchpad: synclient touchpadoff=0 count the frequency of each word and sort  :awk  ' {arr[$1]+=1 }end{ for (I in arr) {print arr[i] "\ t" i} '  file_name | sort -rn statistics 80 port connection and sort   :netstat -na|grep :80|awk  ' {print $5} ' |awk -f:  ' {print $1} ' |sort|uniq  -c|sort -r -n Add the terminal to the right-click menu:sudo apt-get install  Nautilus-open-terminal How to delete totem movie player's play History  :rm ~/.recently-usedvim  how to display color characters &NBSP;:SUDO&NBSP;CP &NBSP;/USR/SHARE/VIM/VIMCURRENT/VIMRC_EXAMPLE.VIM&NBSP;/USR/SHARE/VIM/VIMRC  vim  Direct support for editing  .gz   File  :sudo apt-get install vim-fullvim  How to display line numbers:: Set number View the startup program in session settings: LS  ~/.config/autostart improves wine response speed  :sudo sed -ie  '/gbk/,/^}/d '  /usr/share/x11/ Locale/zh_cn. Utf-8/xlc_locale production ISO file: mkisofs -o test.iso -jrv -v test_disk /home/carla/delay 10 seconds grab Figure:gnome-screenshot -d  10 delay 5 seconds Catch current activation window: gnome-screenshot -w -d 5 How to: cdrecord -scanbus;cdrecord -v - Where is the Eject speed=8 dev=1,1,0 test.iso Recycle Bin: ~/.local/share/trash/where is the default open mode configuration file: ~/.local/share/ Applications/mimeapps.list How to view HTTP headers: w3m -dump_head http://www.xxx.com continuous monitoring of memory usage:watch -d  How to switch to root account: SUDO&NBSP;-HS read-only mount NTFS partition: sudo mount -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0 / DEV/SDB1&NBSP;/MNT/C writable NTFS partition: Sudo mount -t ntfs-3g -o locale=zh_cn.utf8,umask=0 &NBSP;/DEV/SDB1&NBSP;/MNT/C mount FAT32 Partition: Sudo mount -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=0 &NBSP;/DEV/SDA1&NBSP;/MNT/C Mount shared files: sudo mount -t smbfs -o username=xxx,password=xxx, Iocharset=utf8 //192.168.1.1/share /mnt/share mount ISO file: sudo mount -t iso9660 -o  loop,utf8 xxx.iso /mnt/iso Display the contents of the file with line number: nl  file name Batch   convert RMVB to avi:for i in *; do mencoder -oac mp3lame - lameopts vbr=3 -ovcxvid -xvidencopts fixed_quant=4 -of avi  $i  -o  ' echo  $i  | sed -e ' s/rmvb$/avi/';  done convert svg to png:for i in *; do in bulk  inkscape  $i  –export-png= ' echo  $i  | sed -e  ' s/svg$/png/';  Done batch shrink pictures to 30%:for i in *; do convert -resize 30%x30% $1 sm-$1;  done Batch conversion jpg to png:for i in *; do convert  $i   ' echo  $i  |  sed -e  ' s/jpg$/png/';  done gets the extended information for JPG (EXIF): identify -verbose xxx.jpg View all the listening ports for the current system: NC  -zv localhost 1-65535 Remove ^m:cat filename | tr -d  "^M" from the file  >  newfile Remove ^m:sed -e  "s/^m//g" from the file  filename > newfile convert bin/cue to ISO file: sudo  apt-get install Bchunk;bchunk image.bin image.cue image converting directories to ISO files:mkisofs dirname -o  Isofile.iso convert CD to ISO file:dd if=/dev/cdrom of=isofile.isoape  to Flac:sudo apt-get install  flac shntool;shntool split -t "%n.%p-%t"  -f example_utf-8.cue -o flac Convert from  example.ape -d flacoutputdirape to  mp3:sudo apt-get install flac  Shntool lame;shntool split -t "%n.%p-%t"  -f example_UTF-8.cue -o  ' cust  Ext=mp3 lame –r3mix -b 320–quiet – %f '  example.ape -d  Mp3outputdir Check for local security vulnerabilities: Sudo apt-get install rkhunter;rkhunter –checkall How to install anti-virus software: sudo  apt-get install clamav;clamscan -r ~/View network connection Status:netstat -n | awk  ' /^tcp/ {++s[$NF]} end {for (a in s)  print a, s[a]} ' memory consumption of the statistics program: ps - eo fname,rss|awk  ' {arr[$1]+=$2}&nbsp end {for  (I in arr)  {print i,arr[i]}} ' |SORT&NBSP;-K2&NBSP;-NR show current memory size:free  -m |grep  "Mem"  | awk  ' {print $2} ' sort processes from large to small in memory:ps -eo  "%c : %p  : %z : %a "|sort -k5 -nr by CPU utilization from large to small process:ps -eo "%c : %p  : %z : %a "|SORT&NBSP;-NR Statistics the size of all JPG files in the current directory: Find . -name *.jpg -exec  wc -c {} \;|awk  ' {print $1} ' |awk  ' {a+=$1}end{print a} ' clears zombie process:ps  -eal | awk  ' { if  ($2 ==  "Z")  {print $4} '  | sudo  kill -9cd  capture rail for  mp3  (lossy): Sudo apt-get install abcde;abcde -o mp3  -bCD  capture rail for  Flac  (lossless): Sudo apt-get install abcde;abcde -o flac  -b displays statistics for the system installation package: Apt-cache stats Displays the name of all available packages for the system: Apt-cache pkgnames displays information about the package:apt-cache show  K3b

Original address: "Linux" Linux common command summary
Tags: linux commands

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"Linux" Linux common commands Summary